典型城市污水处理厂微生物气溶胶的时空分布与健康风险  

Spatial-temporal Distribution and Health Risks of Bioaerosols in Typical Urban Sewage Treatment Plant

作　　者：王雯雯 李慧丽 伦中财[4] 颜昌仁 李彩侠 王莹 李鹏宇 韩云平[1,2] 李琳 WANG Wenwen;LI Huili;LUN Zhongcai;YAN Changren;LI Caixia;WANG Ying;LI Pengyu;HAN Yunping;LI Lin(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Beijing Lunan Wastewater Operation Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100070,China;Recycled Water Company,Beijing City Drainage Refco Group Ltd.,Beijing 100078,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心水质学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]北京卢南污水运营有限责任公司,北京100070 [4]北京城市排水集团有限责任公司再生水分公司,北京100078

出　　处：《北京工业大学学报》2023年第12期1311-1319,共9页Journal of Beijing University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52070187)。

摘　　要：采用A^(2)O工艺的市政污水处理厂建立采样点,研究污水处理主要工艺段中的微生物气溶胶逸散特征。结果表明,主要工艺段都检测到细菌气溶胶,检出细菌菌落数为130~6113个/m^(3)。超过80%的细菌气溶胶是粒径大于2.1μm的粗粒子。粗格栅、曝气池和污泥脱水间检测到的气溶胶中的微生物主要为Pseudomonas sp.,其他丰度较高的菌属有Piscirickettsia sp.、Staphylococcus sp.等,其中Pseudomonas sp.、Stenotrophomonas sp.等为潜在致病菌。微生物气溶胶的排放与环境条件相关,温度和相对湿度的增加会促进微生物气溶胶的逸散,风速则与微生物气溶胶的逸散呈负相关。适宜的温度和相对湿度使9月各工艺段空气中微生物气溶胶菌落数高于其他月份,并且评估获得的微生物气溶胶对人体的暴露风险值也高。喷洒消毒剂对格栅间和污泥脱水间的细菌气溶胶分别削减了69.5%和74.1%,有效控制了微生物气溶胶的排放。Sampling sites were established in a wastewater treatment plant(WWTP)with Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic(A^(2)O)process to investigate the characteristics of odors and bioaerosols emission in the main sewage treatment unit.Results show that bacterial bioaerosols are dispersed in the main process sections,with detection quantity of 130-6113 colony forming units/m^(3).More than 80%of bacterial bioaerosols are coarse particles larger than 2.1μm in size.The microorganisms detected in the bioaerosols in the coarse grid,aeration tank and sludge dewatering room are mainly Pseudomonas sp.,and other bacteria with higher abundances are Piscirickettsia sp.,Staphylococcus sp.etc.,of which Pseudomonas sp.and Stenotrophomonas sp.are potential pathogenic bacteria.Bioaerosol emissions vary seasonally,with concentrations significantly higher in autumn than in winter.The increase of temperature and relative humidity promotes the escape of bioaerosols,and wind speed is inversely correlated with the escape of bioaerosols.Suitable temperature and relative humidity contribute to the higher concentration of bioaerosols in each treatment section in September than in other months,and the risk of exposure to bioaerosols obtained by assessment is also high.The spraying of disinfectants reduces bacterial bioaerosols at the coarse grid and sludge dewatering room by 69.5%and 74.1%,respectively,which effectively controlls the emission of bioaerosols.

关 键 词：污水处理 微生物气溶胶 逸散特征 时空分布 影响因素 风险评价 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]