中国湿地生态价值评估及生态补偿标准研究  

Research on Ecological Value Accounting and Ecological Compensation of Wetland in China

作　　者：胡运禄 张明善 HU Yunlu;ZHANG Mingshan(Chengdu Academy of Environmental Protection Sciences,Chengdu Sichuan 610072,China;School of Economics,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu Sichuan 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]成都市环境保护科学研究院,四川成都610072 [2]西南民族大学经济学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《生态经济》2024年第1期135-142,187,共9页Ecological Economy

摘　　要：从机会成本的角度,对研究评估我国31个省份(港澳台地区除外)湿地生态价值的85篇文献进行案例分析,构建了区域湿地生态补偿标准测算思路与估测模型,并对我国31个省份的湿地生态价值及生态补偿标准进行了定量测算。结果表明:(1)从空间分布来看,湿地生态价值总量呈现由西向东递减、由西北、东北向中部递减趋势;单位面积湿地生态价值量呈现由东向西递减、由中部向东北和西北递减的趋势,这与我国植被的地带性分布梯度基本一致。(2)2018年我国湿地生态价值总量为18.36万亿元,其中调节服务价值占生态价值总量的75.55%,表明调节服务是湿地生态系统的核心功能;(3)经济欠发达地区较发达地区对生态补偿需求迫切程度较大,特别是西藏、青海应对其优先补偿。(4)我国83.87%的省份有条件支付补偿标准,16.13%的省份有较大困难支付补偿标准,其中作为大江大河的发源地和主要集水区的青海、西藏基本没有条件支付补偿标准,这为建立横向湿地生态补偿机制奠定了理论和实践基础。From the perspective of opportunity cost,combined with the analysis of 85 literature cases of wetland ecological value evaluation in 31 provinces(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan regions)in China,this paper innovatively constructs the calculation idea and estimation model of regional wetland ecological compensation standard.The ecological value and ecological compensation standard of wetlands in 31 provinces in China were quantitatively calculated.The results show that:(1)From the perspective of spatial distribution,the total value of wetland ecosystem services shows a decreasing trend from west to East,from northwest and northeast to the middle;The value of wetland ecosystem services per unit area generally shows a decreasing trend from east to west,from central to northeast and northwest,which is basically consistent with the zonal distribution gradient of vegetation in China.(2)In 2018,the total value of wetland ecosystem services in China was 18.36 trillion yuan,of which the value of regulation services accounted for 75.55%of the total value of ecosystem services,indicating that regulation services are the core function of wetland ecosystems.(3)The urgent demand for ecological compensation in economically underdeveloped areas is relatively high,especially in Xizang and Qinghai,where priority compensation should be given.(4)In China,83.87%of provinces have conditions to pay compensation standards,while 16.13%of provinces have significant diffculties in paying compensation standards.Among them,Qinghai and Xizang,as the source areas and main catchment areas of major rivers,have little conditions to pay compensation standards.This lays a theoretical and practical foundation for establishing a horizontal wetland ecological compensation mechanism.

关 键 词：中国湿地 生态系统服务价值 生态补偿 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]