利用关键性状分子标记辅助选育食用木薯新品系  

Screen New Edible Cassava Lines Assisted by Molecular Markers of Key Traits

作　　者：许丰收 赵笑 孙粉杏 严华兵[5] 陈新[2] 王文泉 XU Fengshou;ZHAO Xiao;SUN Fenxing;YAN Huabing;CHEN Xin;WANG Wenquan(College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Bio-technology,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resoures of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province,Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;College of Plant Science&Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;College of Life Science,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China;Cash Crops Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/海南热带农业资源研究院海南省热带农业生物资源保护与利用重点实验室,海南海口571101 [3]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070 [4]南京农业大学生命科学院,江苏南京210095 [5]广西农业科学院经济作物研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2023年第12期2401-2408,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(No.2019YFD10010);海南省重点研发计划项目(No.ZDKJ2021012)。

摘　　要：木薯是世界热区重要的粮食作物,培育高β-胡萝卜素、低生氰糖苷和口感软糯的食用品系是木薯重要的育种目标之一。为了高效地从育种材料中筛选出优良食用木薯品系,本研究基于生氰糖苷转运基因MATE编码区G→A突变导致氨基酸变化进而影响其跨膜结构稳定的前人研究成果,开发了MATE-SNAP标记,并联合使用β-胡萝卜素PSY2-SNAP和糯质GBSSⅠ-SNAP标记从50份种质资源中筛选出携带1~2个目的等位基因的亲本材料12份,根据花期在不同年份共配制杂交组合10个。通过对杂交种子进行育苗、移栽和初步考种,依据实生苗分枝特点,选择直立不分枝或中高位分枝的株系134个,利用MATE/PSY2/GBSSⅠ-SNAP分子标记进行基因型鉴定,从中筛选出13个聚合了2~3个目的基因型的候选食用木薯品系。采用分光光度法对13个品系块根薯肉的氰化物含量进行测定,发现对照SC9的氰化物含量为49.24μg/g,新品系氰化物含量为38.82~76.51μg/g;利用丙酮比色法对块根薯肉的β-胡萝卜素含量进行测定,发现对照SC9的β-胡萝卜素含量为184.75μg/hg,6个黄色薯肉新品系β-胡萝卜素含量为101.58~154.10μg/hg;利用双波长分光光度法对2个GBSSⅠ-SNAP标记基因型为纯合糯质GG的品系块根进行支链淀粉含量测定,发现P13-1和V7-14的支链淀粉含量分别为82.46%和83.79%。对13个品系的块根薯肉进行食味评分,发现A5-138、A2-213、P7-6、P9-6、V4-8和V4-19等5个品系的评分较高,是潜在的食用木薯新品种。综上,利用分子标记辅助选择可以快速和准确地从育种材料中筛选出目的品系,提高木薯品种改良效率。Cassava is an important food crop in tropical regions,and one of the main breeding goals is to cultivate new lines with highβ-carotene,low cyanogenic glucoside and waxy taste.In order to screen promising edible lines from breeding materials,the study developed a MATE-SNAP marker based on a mutation of G→A in the coding region of cyanogenic glucoside transporter gene MATE which resulted to amino acid change and affected its transmembrane structure stability.Combining with theβ-carotene PSY2-SNAP and waxy quality GBSSⅠ-SNAP markers,12 parent lines,carrying 1-2 target alleles,were selected from 50 cassava germplasms,and totally hybridized 10 cross-combinations according to flowering period among different years.Firstly,134 erect or middle branched candidate lines were screen out through seedling,transplanting and preliminary field trial.Secondly,13 edible promising lines which aggregated 2-3 target alleles,were chosen by using MATE/PSY2/GBSSⅠ-SNAP markers together.The content of of cyanogenic glucoside in root flesh was determined by spectrophotometry,the value of SC9 was 49.24μg/g,and those of 13 prom-ising lines were in the range of 38.82-76.51μg/g;the content ofβ-carotene in root flesh was determined by acetone colorimetry,the value of SC9 was 184.75μg/hg,and those of the six yellow-root lines were within the limits of 101.58-154.10μg/hg;the content of amylopectin in root flesh was determined by dual wavelength spectrophotometry,the values of P13-1 and V7-14,whose alleles were GG that genotyped by GBSSⅠ-SNAP marker,was 82.46%and 83.79%,respectively.Based on this,5 lines,A5-138,A2-213,P7-6,V4-8 and V4-19,were found to be the potential new edible cassava varieties by taste grading.In conclusion,marker-assisted selection can quickly and accurately screen out the target lines from breeding materials and improve the efficiency of cassava genetic improvement.

关 键 词：木薯 Β-胡萝卜素 生氰糖苷 分子标记 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]