生成式人工智能嵌入高等教育的未来图景、潜在风险及其治理  

Generative AI Embedded in Higher Education:Future Scenarios,Potential Risks and Solutions

作　　者：周洪宇[1] 常顺利 ZHOU Hongyu;CHANG Shunli(Central China Normal University,Wuhan Hubei 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《现代教育管理》2023年第11期1-12,共12页Modern Education Management

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大委托项目“习近平总书记教育重要论述研究”(21JZDW001);教育部人文社会科学研究资助项目“教育强国的内涵、指标和实现路径研究”(20220818)。

摘　　要：以ChatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能的强大功能验证了一种人工智能开发的技术路线,这一技术“可能使人类从此步入人工智能时代”。在智能时代来临之前,要在认识GPT系列系统的智能原理与学习过程基础上,未雨绸缪,规划好高等教育未来的发展方向。在智能时代,生成式人工智能可能会在教学、科研、社会服务、教育治理、师生关系等方面改变高等教育生态;同时,生成式人工智能也可能导致大学生学术精神异化、学生隐私安全受到威胁、社会主义核心价值观教育面临新挑战、大学生创新能力弱化、师生关系异化、大学生就业市场遭受冲击等问题。为了解决这些问题,可从涵养大学生学术精神、推进人工智能法治化建设、创新“大思政课”方式、创建以“人”为本的创新型人才培养体系、完善“人师—机师—学生”三方协同新生态、深化高等教育学科专业供给侧改革等方面着手化解生成式人工智能为高等教育生态带来的潜在风险。The powerful function of Generative AI represented by ChatGPT validates a technical route for AI development.This technology“may enable humanity to enter the era of artificial intelligence.”Before the advent of the intelligent era,it is necessary to plan the future development direction of higher education on the basis of understanding the intelligent principle and learning process of GPT series.In the age of intelligence,Generative AI may transform the ecology of higher education in teaching,scientific research,social services,educational governance,teacher-student relations,etc.Meanwhile,Generative AI may also bring about the alienation of academic spirit of college students,threaten the privacy and security of students,face new challenges in the education of socialist core values,weaken the innovation ability of college students,alienate teacher-student relationship,and impact the employment market of college students.The potential risks of Generative AI to the ecology of higher education can be resolved from the aspects of cultivating academic spirit,constructing the rule of law,innovating the way of“ideological and political education”,creating a“people-oriented”innovative talent training system,improving the new man-machine collaboration ecology of“human teacher-machine-teacher student”,and deepening the supply side reform of higher education disciplines and so on.

关 键 词：生成式人工智能 ChatGPT GPT-4 高等教育 知识革命 风险治理 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]