微生物介导的稻田水土界面温室气体排放及其农事减排措施研究进展  

Advancements in Research on Microbe-Mediated Greenhouse Gas Emissions at the Rice Paddy Soil-Water Interface and Agricultural Mitigation Strategies

作　　者：韩燕云 吴永红[2,3] 李丹 俞元春 HAN Yanyun;WU Yonghong;LI Dan;YU Yuanchun(College of Ecology and Environment,Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210018,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing,Nanjing 210018,China;College of Urban Construction,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 210018,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学生态与环境学院,南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210018 [3]中国科学院大学南京分院,江苏南京210018 [4]南京工业大学城市建设学院,江苏南京210018

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2023年第12期2369-2381,共13页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目(No.41825021);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目(No.BK20220004);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(No.CX(22)1003)。

摘　　要：农田生态系统排放的温室气体占全球人为温室气体排放量的12%左右.然而,稻田作为主要的农田生态系统,其微生物和农事减排措施对温室气体(CH_(4)、N_(2)O和CO_(2))在水土界面之间的归趋及其机制仍不清楚.本文阐述了稻田温室气体产生机理与影响因素,以及稻田温室气体减排的农事管理措施.结果表明:稻田水土界面微生物主导的温室气体排放、土壤理化性质(如含水量、温度、氧化还原电位等因素)都可以直接影响土壤微生物群落结构组分及其微生物过程,从而影响温室气体排放.农事管理措施,如有效的水分调控、土壤养分管理及微生物调控,可改变土壤温室气体排放通量.微生物调控技术,如添加解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、促进甲烷氧化菌活性、探索含有N_(2)O还原酶基因的固氮菌等,在温室气体减排方面具有良好的减排潜势.然而,目前稻田温室气体排放的微生物机制研究多立足于室内试验,缺乏野外大尺度稻田试验数据支撑,对稻田微生物群落与生态系统功能的关联、农事管理介导微生物调控机制等鲜有报道.土壤微生物在稻田土壤温室气体减排中的重要调控作用,可以通过改变土壤微环境理化性质、改变水土界面微生物群落组成,实现温室气体的减排.这为稻田温室气体减排提供了新视角,为实现农田温室气体减排、减缓全球变暖提供了理论支持.The emissions of greenhouse gases from agricultural ecosystems account for 12%of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.However,as a prominent agricultural ecosystem,the fate and mechanisms of greenhouse gases(CH_(4),N_(2)O and CO_(2))linked with the microorganisms and agricultural emission reduction strategies are still unclear at the soil-water interface in paddy fields.This work discussed the mechanisms and influencing factors of greenhouse gas(CH_(4),N_(2)O and CO_(2))production in paddy fields,as well as agricultural management measures to reduce emissions.Researches demonstrated that the greenhouse gas emissions at the water-soil interface in paddy fields were primarily driven by microorganisms.The soil physicochemical properties,such as soil temperature,moisture,and redox potential(Eh),profoundly influenced the composition and processes of microbial communities,thereby affecting greenhouse gas emissions.Agricultural management measures such as effective water regulation,soil nutrient management,and microbial regulation can change the flux of greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.Microbial regulation techniques such as the addition of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,stimulation of methane-oxidizing bacteria activity,and the exploration of nitrogen-fixing bacteria containing N_(2)O reductase genes have promising potential for greenhouse gas emissions reduction.However,the microbial mechanisms of greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields currently primarily reply on indoor studies and lack the support of large-scale field data.The relationship between the microbial communities in rice fields and ecosystem functions,as well as the microbial control mechanisms mediated by agricultural management,are topics that have received little attention in the literature.Soil microorganisms play an important regulatory role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions from rice field.They can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by changing soil properties and altering the composition of microbial communities at the water-soil inte

关 键 词：温室气体 稻田 减排措施 微生物调控 

分 类 号：X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]