基于eDNA技术的太湖鱼类多样性调查  

Investigation of Fish Diversity in Lake Taihu Based on eDNA Metabarcoding

作　　者：刘燕山 孙晶莹 朱明胜 李大命[1] 唐晟凯[1] 钟立强[1] 张增 王超群 沈冬冬 Liu Yanshan;Sun Jingying;Zhu Mingsheng;Li Daming;Tang Shengkai;Zhong Liqiang;Zhang Zeng;Wang Chaoqun;Shen Dongdong(Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province,Key Laboratory of Fisheries Resources in Inland Water of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210017,China;Nanjing E-Genomics Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 211100,China;Taihu Fishery Management Committee Office of Jiangsu Province,Suzhou 215104,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省淡水水产研究所/江苏省内陆水域渔业资源重点实验室,南京210017 [2]南京易基诺环保科技有限公司,南京211100 [3]江苏省太湖渔业管理委员会办公室,苏州215104

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2023年第6期16-26,共11页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：江苏省属公益类科研院所自主科研项目—内陆水域渔业资源平台建设项目(BM2018027-10);省级单位农业项目—淡水渔业资源监测(2020-SJ-016-2);江苏省农业科技自主创新项目—江苏翘嘴鲌野生种质资源鉴定评价及保护策略(CX(21)3003);省级单位项目—外来入侵物种普查(水生动物)(2022-SJ-053-05)。

摘　　要：基于环境DNA(environmental DNA,eDNA)技术开展太湖鱼类多样性调查,并结合传统形态学鱼类资源调查数据,初步探索eDNA技术在鱼类资源调查中的应用。结果显示:太湖16个点位共检出鱼类8目20科47属54种,其中鲫、蒙古鲌和刀鲚丰度相对较高;eDNA与传统形态学调查共同检出鱼类37种,占eDNA检出鱼类序列总数的91.89%;eDNA检出的鱼类中有45种鱼类在太湖鱼类志中有记载,占检出鱼类序列数的95.09%;2种方法得出的鱼类多样性指数均为太湖东部和太湖南部相对较高、太湖北部和太湖西部相对较低,太湖鱼类的生态类型(洄游性、栖息水层和食性)也高度一致;eDNA技术单个频次检出的鱼类物种数和单个点位的种类检出数均高于传统形态学方法,检出效率较高。综上,eDNA技术可用于鱼类资源调查,且在鱼类物种检出效率上优于传统形态学,与传统检测相结合,可以进一步增加监测调查的可靠性。In this study,the fish diversity survey based on environmental DNA(eDNA)technology was carried out in Lake Taihu,and combined the traditional morphological investigation for the survey data analysis.The application of eDNA technology in fish resource survey was preliminarily explored.A total of 54 species of fish were found at 16 sites in Lake Taihu belonging to 47 genera,20 families,8 orders.Carassius auratus,Chanodichthys mongolicus and Coilia nasus had relatively high abundance.37 fish species were detected by both eDNA technology and traditional morphological investigation,accounting for 91.89%of the total number of fish sequences detected in eDNA;45 species detected by eDNA technology were recorded in Fishes of the Taihu Lake,accounting for 95.09%of the fish sequences detected.The diversity index of fish obtained by the two methods were all relatively higher in the east and south of Lake Taihu,and lower in the north and west of Lake Taihu.The analysis of fish e cological types found that the migratory,habitat and feeding habits of fish obtained by the two methods were highly consistent.The number of fish species detected by eDNA technology at a single frequency and at each site were higher than those of traditional morphological investigation,showing higher detection efficiency of eDNA technology.In summary,eDNA technology can be used in fish resource surveys,and it is better than traditional morphology investigation in the number of species detected efficiency.It is a good strategy to combine them to increase the reliability of monitoring surveys.

关 键 词：EDNA 鱼类多样性 (宏)条形码技术 太湖 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]