美国替代品评估方法及其对我国新污染物治理的启示  

Chemical Alternatives Assessment in the United States and Its Implications for New Pollutants Control in China

作　　者：胡俊杰 赵静 葛海虹 潘寻 李仓敏 Hu Junjie;Zhao Jing;Ge Haihong;Pan Xun;Li Cangmin(Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部固体废物与化学品管理技术中心,北京100029

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2023年第6期68-78,共11页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：第二期长江生态环境保护修复联合研究项目“长江流域新污染物环境风险防控技术研究”(2022-LHYJ-02-0202);国家重点研发计划“危险废物全过程环境风险评估技术方法研究”课题(2018YFC1902801)。

摘　　要：国际社会日益关注生态环境与健康风险防控,积极推动绿色替代技术创新,新污染物治理、化学品全过程生态环境风险防控和各种绿色替代材料开发成为发达国家生态环境管理和研究重点。本文系统梳理了美国面向环境设计的替代品评估方法,阐述分析了评估指标、分级标准、数据来源以及替代评估原则和步骤等,从服务我国新污染物治理的角度总结分析了美国环境设计替代品评估方法的参考价值。本研究可为我国有毒有害化学物质环境管理和新污染物治理工作中建立新污染物绿色替代技术及评估体系提供借鉴。The international community has paid increasing attention to the prevention and control of ecological environment and health risks.Up to now,the development of green alternative technologies and materials,control of new pollutants,and the prevention and control of ecological environment risks in the whole service life of c hemicals have become the focus of ecological environment management and research in developed countries.To promote the substitution of toxic and harmful chemicals in China,this paper systematically sorts out the evaluation methods of alternatives for environmental design in the United States,and elaborates the evaluation indicators,c lassification standards,data sources,as well as the principles and steps of alternative evaluation.In addition,this paper summarizes and analyzes the reference value of the evaluation methods of alternatives for environmental d esign in the United States from the perspective of new pollutants control in China.This study can provide r eferences for the establishment of green alternative technology and assessment system of new pollutants in the environmental management of toxic and harmful chemicals and the control of new pollutants in China.

关 键 词：替代品评估 新污染物治理 化学品环境管理 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]