学校参与未成年人社区矫正的制度困境及突破路径  

The System Predicament and Breakthrough Path of Schools Participating in the Community Correction of Juveniles

作　　者：闫志开 Yan Zhikai

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学法学院 [2]东南大学法学院

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2023年第6期33-40,共8页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

摘　　要：根据《社区矫正法》《预防未成年人犯罪法》《未成年人保护法》三部法律的施行或新修,学校在参与未成年人社区矫正的过程中享有监督管理的权利,同时也负有相应的协助义务。这种法定的协助义务强化了对未成年社区矫正对象的保护力度,但与目前我国学校校规中普遍存在的对违法犯罪学生给予“开除学籍”处分的规定相冲突。因此,校规应当按照上位法的理念,将因触犯刑法被社区矫正的未成年人从开除学籍的情形中排除,对于由此带来的因违反行政管理法律或违反学校纪律而被开除的处分不平衡的情形,应当基于对未成年人的特殊预防理念以及个人身份信息保密的规定,建构监督管理与教育帮扶相结合的机制。根据法秩序统一原理,当前应及时修改教育部及地方教育行政部门相关规章,并组织修改学校校规,将处于社区矫正的未成年学生排除在“触犯国家法律,构成刑事犯罪的”情形之外,以保证《社区矫正法》的顺利实施。According to three new laws and regulations,including the Community Correction Law,the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency Law and the Minor Protection Law,schools have the right to supervise and manage their participation in the community correction of juvenile,and also have the corresponding obligation to assist.This statutory duty of assistance has strengthened the protection of juvenile in community correction,but it conflicts with the punishment of"expulsion from school"for students who violate the law and commit crimes,which widely exists in the current school rules of our country.Therefore,the school rules should exclude juvenile who have been corrected by the community for violating the criminal law from being expelled from school in accordance with the upper law.For the resulting unbalanced punishment of being expelled for violating administrative laws or school discipline,a mechanism combining supervision and management with education and assistance should be established based on the special prevention concept for juvenile and the confidentiality of personal identity information.According to the principle of the unity of law and order,the relevant regulations of the Ministry of Education and local education administrative departments should be revised in a timely manner,and the school rules should be revised to exclude the juvenile students in the community correction from the situation of"violating the national laws and constituting a criminal offence",so as to ensure the smooth implementation of the Community Correction Law.

关 键 词：未成年人 社区矫正 校规 学籍 

分 类 号：D926.8[政治法律—法学] D922.183