从绿色政治批判走向社会生态革命——威廉姆斯生态社会主义思想探要  

Beyond Green Politics Critique:Chris Williams'Vision of Social Ecological Revolution and Eco-Socialism

作　　者：王绚灏 靳书君 Wang Xuanhao;Jin Shujun(Philosophical Paradigm Academy,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou;School of Marxism,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学哲学范式研究院 [2]江苏师范大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2023年第6期169-177,共9页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

摘　　要：克里斯·威廉姆斯是新生代生态社会主义的代表性人物,透过科学家的冷峻眼光,他洞悉地球生物化学过程对人类发出的警告,进而运用马克思的“社会物质代谢”范畴,剖析交换价值取代使用价值驱动资本扩张,相对于工人交换价值(工资)的生产过剩使人类消耗掉的土地成分无法返还自然,阻滞了生物圈物质和能量的自然循环,这种新陈代谢裂痕造成经济与生态的双重危机。运用马克思的“人化自然”范畴,威廉姆斯指明人类文明是一个不断把自然纳入自身实践范围的过程,否定了新马尔萨斯主义鼓噪的所谓自然极限,驳斥了新马尔萨斯主义者将危机归咎于人口过剩的谬误。威廉姆斯由此指出,资本主义制度本身才是生态危机的原因,资本主义的绿色能源、绿色消费等生态政策基于商业化运作,这种建立在资本主义自由市场上的绿色政治只能延缓或转嫁危机,所以根本不可能依靠资本主义制度自身解决危机,人类文明走到了革命性转型的边界。在绿色政治批判的基础上,威廉姆斯援用马克思的“社会革命”范畴和阶级分析方法,呼吁环境运动团体必须与工会组织联合起来,重整革命的阶级阵容,通过社会生态革命建构生态社会主义。这种全球性的社会生态革命要通过一种全新的生产组织形式去完成,这正是威廉姆斯熟读的恩格斯《自然辩证法》中提出的“自觉的社会生产组织”,是马克思主义创始人给人类文明绘就的新形态。Chris Williams stands out as a key proponent of contemporary eco-socialism,interpreting the planet's biochemical warnings through the Marxist concept of"social material metabolism."His analysis critiques the capitalist model,where the pur-suit of exchange value and capital expansion leads to overproduction and disrupts the biosphere's natural cycles,resulting in sim-ultaneous economic and ecological crises.Williams uses Marx's notion of"humanized nature"to argue that civilization continu-ously integrates nature,challenging the neo-Malthusian idea that crises stem from overpopulation and asserting instead that capi-talism is the root cause of ecological degradation.Williams argues that capitalist ecological policies like green energy and con-sumption,which are market-driven,are inadequate as they merely postpone or displace the crisis.He posits that it is futile to expect the capitalist system to resolve these crises,and suggests that humanity is at the cusp of a revolutionary transformation.Building on his critique of green politics,Williams turns to Marxist"social revolution"and class analysis to mobilize labor unions and environmental groups towards an eco-socialist transition through a social ecological revolution.He envisions a global revolu-tion that depends on a new mode of production organization,akin to Engels'"conscious social production organization"as dis-cussed in Dialectics of Nature,pointing to a new direction for human civilization as originally conceived by the founders of Marx-ism.

关 键 词：威廉姆斯 社会代谢裂痕 社会生态革命 生态社会主义 

分 类 号：X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学] D091.6[政治法律—政治学]