从宋元语言和山西方言四字格看历史词汇演变  

The Evolution of Historical Vocabulary from the Four-Character Idioms of Song Yuan Language and Shanxi Dialect

作　　者：马启红[1] MA Qihong(Shanxi Academy of Social Science,Institute of Linguistics,Taiyuan,Shanxi,030032)

机构地区：[1]山西省社会科学院语言研究所,山西太原030032

出　　处：《山西广播电视大学学报》2023年第4期50-54,共5页Journal of Shanxi Radio & TV University

基　　金：山西省社会科学院(山西省人民政府发展研究中心)2022年规划课题研究成果;山西省社会科学院(山西省人民政府发展研究中心)第一批特色学科建设项目“语言学研究”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“四字格”是汉语特殊的语言单位,是短语中结构和语义固定,且具有传承性的一类语言形式。四字格由词构成,可以直接反映词的发展变化,同时还可以作为存放词的“容器”,完好地保存历史词汇的发展状态,清晰地看到许多古词语的发展轨迹。四字格在宋元时期发展到一个新的高度,尤其在元曲中,方言常语,沓而成章,与现代汉语及现代汉语方言存在渊源关系。文章以宋元语言和山西方言四字格为载体,同时与现代汉语通语作比较,从历时和共时角度考察一些历史词汇的演变状态。The“four character idioms”is a special language unit in Chinese,which is a type of language form with fixed structure and semantics in phrases and has inheritance.The“four character idioms”is a special language unit in Chinese,which is a type of language form with fixed structure and semantics in phrases and has inheritance.The four character grid is composed of words,which can directly reflect the development and changes of words.At the same time,it can also serve as a container for storing words,effectively preserving the development status of historical vocabulary.From this,we can clearly see the development and changes of many ancient words.The four character grid developed to a new height during the Song and Yuan dynasties,especially in the Yuan Dynasty,where dialects were commonly used and formed chapters,which had a close relationship with modern Chinese and dialects.Taking the four character of pattern Song Yuan language and the Shanxi dialect as the carrier,and comparing with the modern Chinese common language,this paper examines the evolution of some historical words from the diachronic and synchronic perspectives.

关 键 词：宋元语言 山西方言 四字格 历史词汇 

分 类 号：H172.1[语言文字—汉语]