吉林地区老年人膳食结构及营养状况评价  

Evaluation of dietary structure and nutritional status of elderly in Jilin region

作　　者：孙维琦[1] 徐小磊[1] 刘莹[2] 吕红梅 李泽堃 马爽 高伟超 赖亚辉[1] 张忠 SUN Weiqi;XU Xiaolei;LIU Ying;LV Hongmei;LI Zekun;MA Shuang;GAO Weichao;LAI Yahui;ZHANG Zhong(School of Public Health,Beihua University,Jilin 132013,China;People's Hospital of Jilin City,Jilin 132011,China;Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun 130117,China)

机构地区：[1]北华大学公共卫生学院,吉林吉林132013 [2]吉林市人民医院,吉林吉林132011 [3]长春中医药大学,长春130117

出　　处：《长春中医药大学学报》2023年第12期1379-1383,共5页Journal of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine

基　　金：吉林省科学技术厅项目(20210203093SF)。

摘　　要：目的了解吉林地区老年人膳食结构与营养状况,为老年人健康服务提供依据。方法采用24 h回顾法、食物频数法和微型营养评估(MNA-SF),计算每日食物及营养素摄入量,依据《中国居民膳食指南(2022)》及中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIS)进行分析评价。结果被调查的147名老年人的膳食结构上存在着油类、盐摄入量超过推荐摄入量,而水果、鱼虾、奶制品和饮水量的摄入量明显不足;不同年龄组老年人在能量、蛋白质、膳食纤维摄入不足,钙、硒等矿物质的摄入不足,而脂肪、钠的摄入远超推荐摄入量。女性65~79岁组的脂肪和80岁组的碳水化合物的供能比高于合理营养要求。男性、女性65~79岁组的晚餐供能均高于合理营养要求。影响老年人营养状况主要因素为年龄、性别、文化程度、是否存在咀嚼困难、合并慢性病。结论被调查老年人膳食结构存在一定问题,水果、鱼虾、奶制品、水等摄入量偏低;能量、蛋白质、膳食纤维摄入量存在不足,在矿物质中钙、镁、铁和硒摄入量较低,但钠、脂肪摄入量明显超标。2组三大营养素供能比基本合理;65~79岁老年人晚餐供能比超过合理营养要求;住院病人营养不良风险较高。建议加强老年人合理营养与平衡膳食管理,提倡科学合理的生活和饮食习惯,保障良好的生活质量。Objective To understand the dietary structure and nutritional status of the elderly in Jilin region,and analyze their dietary characteristics,so as to provide basis for health services for the elderly.Methods The 24-hour review method,food frequency method and micro nutrition assessment(MNA-SF)were used to calculate the daily food and nutrient intake with nutrition software,and the analysis and evaluation were carried out according to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents(2022)and the Dietary Nutrient Reference Intake for Chinese Residents(DRIs).Results the dietary structure of 147 elderly people surveyed showed that the intake of oil and salt exceeded the recommended intake,while the intake of fruit,fish and shrimp,dairy products and drinking water was obviously insufficient;The elderly in different age groups had insufficient intake of energy,protein,dietary fiber,and minerals such as calcium and selenium,while the intake of fat and sodium far exceeded the recommended intake.The energy supply ratio of fat in 65-79 years old group and carbohydrate in 80 years old group of women was higher than the reasonable nutrition requirement.The dinner energy supply of male and female 65-79 years old group was higher than the reasonable nutrition requirement.The main factors affecting the nutritional status of the elderly were age,sex,education level,the presence of chewing difficulties,and comorbidities with chronic diseases.Conclusion The dietary structure of the elderly surveyed has certain problems,including low intake of fruits,fish and shrimp,dairy products and water,etc,insufficient intake of energy,protein and dietary fiber,lower intake of calcium,magnesium,iron and selenium in minerals,and significantly excessive intake of sodium and fat beyond the standard.The energy supply ratio of the three nutrients in the two groups is basically reasonable;The dinner energy supply ratio of the elderly aged 65-79 exceeds the reasonable nutritional requirements;The risk of malnutrition in hospitalized patients is higher.I

关 键 词：老年人 膳食分析 营养状况 

分 类 号：R361[医药卫生—病理学]