4种植物生长调节剂对无核白葡萄果刷生长发育及采后落粒性的影响  

Effects of four plant regulators on the growth and development of fruit brush and postharvest seed dropping of‘Thompson Seedless’grape

作　　者：何雅文 唐仙桃 钟海霞[1] 吴久赟 张雯[1] 张川 周晓明[1] 伍新宇[1] 张付春[1] HE Yawen;TANG Xiantao;ZHONG Haixia;WU Jiuyun;ZHANG Wen;ZHANG Chuan;ZHOU Xiaoming;WU Xinyu;ZHANG Fuchun(Horticultural Crop Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091;College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University;Turpan Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业大学园艺学院 [3]新疆农业科学院吐鲁番农业科学研究所

出　　处：《中国果树》2024年第1期36-44,共9页China Fruits

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项“特色果树种质创新与育种能力提升”;财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-29-zp-8);2021年中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(新[2021]TG04号);2022年中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(新[2022]TG08号)。

摘　　要：无核白葡萄是我国重要的鲜食和制干兼用品种,但生产中普遍存在采后落粒问题。设置采前4种植物生长调节剂处理(100 mg/L S-ABA、10μmol/L MeJA、100 mg/L NAA+100 mg/L 6-BA、25 mg/L 2,4-D)研究无核白落粒率与果梗拉力的变化,以及果刷和其他相关指标间的联系。结果表明:2,4-D处理落粒率降低、果梗拉力增大,对应的果刷纵切与横切情况下的木质素染色面积显著大于其他处理,与落粒率呈显著负相关关系,与果梗拉力呈显著正相关关系,而纤维素并没有这种相关性;2,4-D处理上部果皮厚度显著大于其他处理,与落粒率呈负相关关系,与果梗拉力、果刷长度、果刷纵切及横切木质素染色面积呈显著正相关,但中部果皮厚度与其他指标不存在相似的关系;主成分分析结果显示,综合9个指标评价4种处理提高果梗耐拉力的效果由强到弱为25 mg/L 2,4-D>10μmol/L MeJA>100 mg/L NAA+100 mg/L 6-BA>100mg/L S-ABA。综上所述,无核白果实的果刷长度和其木质素含量是影响落粒率的重要因素,2,4-D可以诱导果刷内木质素积累,为果实落粒防控提供科学依据。‘Thompson Seedless’grapes are an important fresh food and dry-jujube cultivar in our country,but there are many problems of after-harvest grain falling in production.Four kinds of plant growth regulator treatments(100 mg/L S-ABA,10µmol/L MeJA,100 mg/L NAA+100 mg/L 6-BA,25 mg/L 2,4-D)were set up to study the changes of‘Thompson Seedless’seed shattering rate and stem tension,as well as the relationship between fruit brush and other related indicators.The results showed as follows:the grain breaking rate decreased and the stem tension increased in 2,4-D treatments,and the stained area of lignin under the conditions of longitudinal and cross-cutting of the corresponding fruit brush was significantly larger than that of other treatments.There was a significant negative correlation with the grain breaking rate and a significant positive correlation with the stem tension,while there was no such correlation with cellulose.The upper pericarp thickness of 2,4-D treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments,which was negatively correlated with the grain breaking rate,and significantly positively correlated with the tension of fruit stem,the length of fruit brush,and the stained area of lignin in the longitudinal and transverse sections of fruit brush.However,the middle pericarp thickness had no similar relationship with other indexes.According to the results of principal component analysis,the comprehensive evaluation of 9 indexes showed that the four treatments improved the tension resistance of fruit stems from strong to weak,25 mg/L 2,4-D>10µmol/L MeJA>100 mg/L NAA+100 mg/L 6-BA>100 mg/L S-ABA.In conclusion,brush length and lignin content of‘Thompson Seedless’grapes are important factors affecting the shattering rate,and it is proved that 2,4-D could induce lignin accumulation in the brush,providing scientific basis for the prevention and control of fruit shattering.

关 键 词：葡萄 无核白 落粒 果刷 木质素 纤维素 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]