基于生态系统的美国墨西哥湾海洋综合管理研究  

Study on integrated marine management in the Gulf of Mexico based on ecosystem

作　　者：褚晓琳 余亮 CHU Xiaolin;YU Liang(College of Marine Culture and Law of Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai,201306)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋文化与法律学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学研究院,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2023年第5期200-207,共8页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(17VHQ010);上海市浦江人才计划项目(18PJC071)。

摘　　要：基于生态系统的海洋综合管理是目前全球大型海洋生态系统管理的重要理念。墨西哥湾是美国大型海洋生态系统之一,也是美国实施基于生态系统的海洋综合管理的典型案例之一。基于生态系统的墨西哥湾海洋综合管理面临着国内外双重压力。国内:生态修复政策法规不够完善、联邦和州政府相互掣肘;国外:因美国、墨西哥和古巴三国的意识形态和经济水平差异巨大,很难协调三国以合作治理墨西哥湾海洋生态系统。虽面临国内外双重压力,但是基于生态系统的墨西哥湾海洋综合管理仍取得一定成效,如制定了相关政策法规体系、建立了生态评估体系、实施了海洋空间规划等。今后美国应继续推进海洋生态系统修复专门立法、健全部门协调机制、加强海湾三国合作,以促进基于生态系统的海洋综合管理的理论完善与实践发展。Integrated marine management based on ecosystem is an important concept of global largescale marine ecosystem management at present.The Gulf of Mexico is one of the large marine ecosystems in the United States of America(USA),and it is also one of the typical cases of integrated marine ecosystem based on marine management in USA.The integrated management of the Gulf of Mexico based on ecosystem was facing double pressure at home and abroad.Domestic:ecological restoration policies and regulations were not perfect,and the federal government and local government were constrained by each other;abroad:due to the great difference in ideology and economic level between USA,Mexico and Cuba,it was difficult to coordinate the cooperation of the three countries to manage the marine ecosystem of the Gulf of Mexico.Despite the dual pressures at home and abroad,the integrated marine management of the Gulf of Mexico based on the ecosystem had also made some achievements,such as the formulation of relevant policies and regulations,the establishment of ecological assessment system,the implementation of marine spatial planning.In the future,USA should continue to promote special legislation on marine ecosystem restoration,improve sectoral coordination mechanism,and strengthen cooperation among the three Gulf countries,so as to promote theoretical improvement and practical development of integrated marine management based on ecosystems.

关 键 词：生态系统 海洋综合管理 墨西哥湾 

分 类 号：P74[天文地球—海洋科学]