日语复合助词“として”的论元特质探究  

Argument Properties of the Japanese Compound Auxiliary Particle‘toshite':A Perspective of Construction Grammar

作　　者：张晶 Zhang Jing(School of Foreign Languages,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院,北京100871

出　　处：《外语学刊》2023年第6期74-81,共8页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：北京大学桐山教育基金研究资助的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文基于构式语法理论,以日语复合助词“として”为例,试图探究其论元特质。我们认为,“として”既能作必有论元,也能作非必有论元。首先,“として”在主谓构式、致使—结果构式中作必有论元,除此之外作非必有论元,语义可指向主格、宾格、动词短语;其次,“として”作必有论元的理据在于对主谓构式中主格特征、致使—结果构式中结果短语特征的继承性,当其无法占据主格和结果短语的位置时,就只能作非必有论元;最后,主谓构式下“として”的功能是凸显主格的资格、立场,分“としては”和“として”两种形式。前者彰显“主客合一”,后者用于移情和弱化言者个人主观性。致使—结果构式下“として”一方面对前接名词进行筛选,将结果限定为资格、立场的变化,另一方面填补补语结果句缺失的补语语义。作为非必有论元的“として”,既能作背景信息,又能作前景信息,前者凸显“として”前接名词的描述性语义,后者凸显关涉性语义。Based on the theory of construction grammar,this article explores the argument properties of the Japanese compound auxiliary particle‘toshite'.We believe that toshite'can function as both obligatory and non-obligatory arguments.First,in the subject-predicate construction and the cause-result construction,‘toshite'functions as an obligatory argument.In other constructions,it functions as a non-obligatory argument and can semantically refer to the subject,object or verb phrase.Second,the argument status of'toshite'being obligatory is based on its inheritance of the subject feature in the subject-predicate construction and the result phrase feature in the cause-result construction.When it cannot occupy the positions of the subject or the result phrase,it can only function as a non-obligatory argument.Finally,in the subject-predicate construction,‘toshite'serves to emphasize the qualifications and perspectives of the subject and can be divided into two forms:toshitewa'and‘toshite'.The former highlights the unity of subject and object,while the latter is used for(1)empathy and(2)weakening the speaker's personal subjectivity.In the cause-result construction,‘toshite'(1)selects the preceding noun and restricts the result to changes in qualifications and perspectives and(2)fills the semantic gap in the complement phrase of the result clause.As a non-obligatory argument,'toshite'can function as both background and foreground information.In the former case,it emphasizes the descriptive semantics of the noun,while in the latter case,it highlights involved semantics.

关 键 词：复合助词 として 构式 必有论元 非必有论元 功能 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]