从“景”到“胜景”:中国古代的景观认知及研究  

From"Jing"to"Spectacular":The Formation and Development of Landscape Cognition in Ancient China

作　　者：周妮 Zhou Ni

机构地区：[1]云南大学历史与档案学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《贵州文史丛刊》2023年第4期1-11,共11页GUIZHOU CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL JOURNAL

基　　金：2022年教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“西北地区山地生态系统的认知和保护史研究”(项目编号:22JJD770053)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：景观是现代地理学研究的主体对象之一,而在现代地理学景观研究出现以前,中国古代早已形成了关于景观的认知及记录。其中,“景”作为指代光与影的文字,在春秋战国时期即已广泛使用。两汉和三国时期,开始与“物”构成“景物”一词。两晋南北朝以后,“景”又与“象”“色”“风”“致”“胜”等组成新的词汇,相继出现“景象”“景色”“风景”“景致”等新的词组,在后来的文献典籍中广泛使用。至宋代,“景物”成为地理总志书写的一个独立门类。元明清时期,专门记载和研究“胜景”的著述大量出现。这些关于景观认知的记载及研究,对后来的地理学研究、文学艺术创作和现代景观研究等产生了深远影响。Landscape is one of the main objects of modern geographic research,and before the emergence of modern geographic landscape research,the historical period of China has long been formed on the perception of landscape and records.As a word to refer to light and hide in shadow,"jing"was widely used in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period,and by the time of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period,it began to form the word"scenery"with"matter or things".After the Western Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties,it formed new words with"xiang","se","feng","zhi"and"sheng",and new phrases such as"jingxiang","jingse","fengjing"and"jingzhi"appeared one after another,and were widely used in the literature and classics of later generations.In the Song Dynasty,"jingwu"became an independent category of the National Geographical Chronicle.After development,to the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,a large number of writings dedicated to recording"Spectacular"appeared.It presents the characteristics of the formation and development of Chinese landscape cognition in the historical period and its far-reaching influence on the creation of literature,poetry,calligraphy and painting,and the writing style and content of classics in various periods.

关 键 词：古代 景 景物 景观 

分 类 号：K90-09[历史地理—人文地理学]