民用无人驾驶航空器侵权风险及其法律治理  

Civil Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Infringement Risks and Legal Governance

作　　者：黄东东 吴洁 HUANG Dongdong;WU Jie

机构地区：[1]重庆邮电大学网络空间安全与信息法学院 [2]重庆邮电大学数字经济法律治理研究中心

出　　处：《社会治理》2023年第6期43-52,共10页Social Governance Review

摘　　要：虽然无人机侵权风险及其法律责任承担问题尚未形成新的特殊侵权类型,但智能无人机的飞行活动主要在低空域,其行动依赖人工智能算法,面临着数据安全和网络安全等新问题。由于产品缺陷标准缺失以及跟踪观察义务规定不明、危险等级认定及抗辩事由规则不完善、第三人风险的责任主体溯源困难等原因,刻板适用现行法律规范无法贴切地解决智能无人机侵权责任的认定及其侵权损害赔偿的所有问题。技术和风险的复杂性决定了主要依靠行政监管进行无人机风险防控治理模式的不足。未来民用无人驾驶航空器侵权的治理模式应当通过构建以风险导向的事前预防、义务导向的事中监管、责任导向的事后救济相结合的综合治理机制,把自治、技治和多元主体协同共治结合起来。Although a new type of special infringement has not yet emerged concerning their infringement risk and legal liability,the flight activities of intelligent UAVs are primarily controlled by algorithms and face novel challenges such as network and data security.Due to the lack of product defect standards,unclear provisions on tracking and observing defects,imperfect rules on identifying risk levels and defense grounds,and difficulties in tracing the subject of liability of third-party risks,the rigid application of the current legal system cannot effectively address the issue of identifying infringement liability and compensating for damages caused by UAVs.The complexities of technology and risk determines the deficiency of the UAV risk prevention and control mode mainly relying on administrative supervision.The governance mode of UAV infringement for future should construct an integruted governance mechanism that combines advanced risk-oriented prevention,in-process obligation-oriented supervision,and responsibility-oriented post-relief,and the combination of autonomy,technology governance and multi-subject cooperation and co-governance can be realized.

关 键 词：无人机 人工智能 产品责任 高度危险责任 利益衡量 

分 类 号：D922.296[政治法律—经济法学] D923[政治法律—法学]