中国村镇特色的空间分异格局和综合区划  

Spatial differentiation pattern and comprehensive regionalization of rural settlement characteristics in China

作　　者：陶岸君[1] TAO Anjun(School of Architecture,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学建筑学院,南京210096

出　　处：《地理学报》2023年第12期3144-3160,共17页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1100700);国家自然科学基金项目(52278050)。

摘　　要：中国的乡村聚落在长期的历史发展过程中形成了鲜明的地域特色,深刻体现了各地区特有的自然地理环境、历史文化背景和生产生活方式。因此,全面解析中国村镇特色的空间分异格局,在此基础上开展村镇特色综合区划,是因地制宜地开展特色村镇保护与改造实践的重要基础,也是人文地理学长期关注的研究课题之一。本文以地景、聚落、建筑和文化4个层次的村镇特色要素为依据构建了综合区划的指标体系,基于系统的实地调研结果和多源数据开展了全面的村镇特色评价,刻画了中国村镇特色的地域分异格局。在此基础上,借鉴自然地理、农业、文化、聚落景观与民居建筑等相关领域的区划研究成果,按照区域共轭性、共时性、综合性和主导因素相结合、相对一致性等区划原则,借助类型制图法、空间聚类法、地理相关分析法、主导因素法与叠置法等定性与定量相结合的区划技术手段提出了中国村镇特色综合区划方案,将全国划分为东北、华北、黄土高原、华东、华中、闽客、岭南、川黔、云南、塞北、西北和青藏高原共12个村镇特色区和82个村镇特色亚区,并总结了各个区域的村镇特色构成。该方案综合反映了中国村镇特色在不同空间尺度上的一致性和差异性规律,可以为特色村镇的分区域、分类型保护提供科学依据。The long historical development process has shaped rural settlements in China with distinct regional characteristics that profoundly reflect the unique geographical environment,history,culture,and lifestyle of each region.Therefore,the comprehensive regionalization of Chinese rural settlement characteristics on the basis of the regional differentiation pattern of rural settlement characteristics is an fundamental research for preserving and transforming the characteristics of rural settlements with adaptation to local conditions.It is also one of the long-term topics in human geographical studies.This study constructs an index system for comprehensive regionalization from four aspects of rural settlement characteristics:earthscape,settlement,architecture,and culture.On the basis of systematic field research results and multisource data,a comprehensive evaluation of rural settlement characteristics is conducted,recognizing the regional differentiation pattern of Chinese rural settlement characteristics.On the basis of its results,a comprehensive regionalization of Chinese rural settlement characteristics is proposed using existing regionalization studies on physical geography,agricultural geography,cultural geography,landscape of rural settlements,and traditional dwellings as references.This regionalization is developed in accordance with the principles of regional conjugacy,synchronicity,coordination of comprehensiveness and dominant factors,and relative consistency.We use the qualitative and quantitative methods of category mapping,spatial cluster analysis,geographical correlation analysis,dominant factor analysis,and overlapping analysis.In the proposed regionalization,China is divided into 12 regions and 82 subregions in accordance with rural settlement characteristics.The 12 regions are as follows:(1)Northeast China,(2)North China,(3)the Loess Plateau,(4)East China,(5)Central China,(6)Fujian-Hakka,(7)Lingnan,(8)Sichuan-Guizhou,(9)Yunnan,(10)Northern Border,(11)Northwest China,and(12)the Tibetan Plateau.The ch

关 键 词：乡村地理 特色村镇 乡村聚落 空间分异 区划 中国 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]