空射火箭可重复使用技术  

Reusable technology of air-launched launch vehicle

作　　者：吕艳 刘琳 张广勇 梁磊 郑学升 LYU Yan;LIU Lin;ZHANG Guangyong;LIANG Lei;ZHENG Xuesheng(Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《航空学报》2023年第23期189-200,共12页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

摘　　要：空射火箭应用垂直回收技术易造成运载能力不足,且现有发射方式无法发挥载机作为零级可重复使用动力的最优效能。针对这2个问题,从一级助推器的回收方法和运载平台发射方式两方面对可重复使用技术在空射火箭上的应用及效果进行了研究。首先结合空射火箭近似水平发射的受力特点,介绍空射火箭飞行程序角设计与轨道优化方法;提出空气舵再利用的一级助推器回收方法,给出回收飞行段气动特性分析与制导控制方法。然后提出组合动力高空无人机发射、亚声速飞机与可回收无人平台组合发射2种新型发射方式。最后结合典型空射火箭构型给出轨道设计参数与一级助推器回收飞行段数学仿真结果,定量分析一级助推器回收复用和2种新型发射方式在运载效率和发射成本上的贡献度。The application of vertical recovery technology to air-launched launch vehicles causes insufficient carrying capacity,and the current launch schemes are not conducive to full utilization of the launch platforms' performance as a zero-stage reusable power.Given these two problems,the application of reusable technology to and its effect on airlaunched launch vehicles are studied from the aspects of the recovery method of the first-stage booster and launch schemes of the launch platforms.Firstly,combined with the force characteristics analysis of the approximate horizontal launch of the air-launched launch vehicles,the design method of the orbital flight program angle and the trajectory optimization methods are derived,the recovery method of the first-stage booster for the reuse of the air rudders is proposed,and the aerodynamic characteristics analysis and guidance control method of the recovery flight section are analyzed.Then,two launch schemes are proposed.One is a combined power high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle and the other is a reusable unmanned platform propelled by a subsonic aircraft.Finally,the orbit design parameters and the mathematical simulation results of the first-stage booster's reusable section are presented with a typical airlaunched launch vehicle configuration to quantitatively analyze the contribution of the first-stage booster recovery and the two new launch schemes in terms of carrying efficiency into the orbit and economic cost.

关 键 词：空射火箭 可重复使用运载火箭 组合动力 无人机 助推器回收 

分 类 号：V42[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]