火源位置对凹型砖木结构古建筑火蔓延特性影响研究  

Study on the Influence of Fire Source Location on Fire Propagation Char⁃acteristics of Ancient Buildings with Concave Brick and Wood Structures

作　　者：张嬿妮 刘雪梦 舒盼 黄罗鑫 张陆陆 张帅 ZHANG Yanni;LIU Xuemeng;SHU Pan;HUANG Luoxin;ZHANG Luu;ZHANG Shuai(School of Safety Science and Engineering,Xi′an University of Science and Technology,Xi′an 710000,China;Xi′an Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety and Fire Rescue,Xi′an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院,陕西西安710000 [2]西安市城市公共安全与消防救援重点实验室,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《防灾减灾工程学报》2023年第6期1313-1321,共9页Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering

基　　金：陕西省创新能力支撑计划(2020TD-021)资助。

摘　　要：为探究凹型砖木结构古建筑火灾蔓延特性,以某典型凹型古建筑为研究对象,利用Pyrosim软件进行物理模型搭建,研究不同火源位置对火灾蔓延规律的影响,以及在该过程中温度、能见度变化规律和CO、CO_(2)浓度动态分布情况等。结果表明:不同火源位置对火蔓延特性影响较大,若引火源位于凹型古建筑西南角,相较西北、正北方向两个工况,热释放速率可高达240 MW/s,应选择在该处设置多个感温探测器及自动喷淋系统用于火灾防范;若引火源位于建筑西南角,相较其他工况室内温度可达最高值1 000℃,CO、CO_(2)浓度亦均达最值,且在垂直高度1.67 m处能见度下降速率达到峰值,人员需在2 min内全部疏散。该研究对于凹型砖木结构古建筑火灾防控、防灭火装置的合理排布及灾后人员高效、安全疏散具有重大意义和参考价值。To explore the fire spread characteristics of ancient buildings with concave brick and wood structures,a typical concave ancient building is used as the research object,and the physical model is built by using Pyrosim software to study the influence of different fire source locations on the law of fire spread,as well as the change of temperature,visibility and the dynamic distribution of CO and CO2 concentrations in the process.The results show that different ignition source locations have a greater impact on the fire propagation characteristics,and if the ignition source is located in the south-west corner of the concave ancient building,compared with the northwest and north directions,the heat release rate can reach the maximum value of 225 MW/s;If the ignition source is located in the southwest corner of the building,the indoor temperature can reach the maximum value of 1020℃compared with other working conditions,the concentrations of CO and CO2 are also at their maximum values,and the visibility degradation rate reaches the peak at a vertical height of 1.67 m.This study has great significance and reference value for the fire prevention and control of ancient buildings with concave brick and wood structures and the efficient and safe evacuation of personnel after disasters.

关 键 词：凹型古建筑 砖木结构 火蔓延 燃烧参数 数值模拟 

分 类 号：X45[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]