白鲜开花特性与繁育系统  

Flowering Characteristics and Breeding System of Dictamnus dasycarpus

作　　者：白鹭 孙宝莹 孙淑英[1] 崔红梅 石雅琴 Bai Lu;Sun Baoying;Sun Shuying;Cui Hongmei;Shi Yaqin(Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010020,P.R.China;Hohhot Botanical Garden)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学,呼和浩特010020 [2]呼和浩特市植物园

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2024年第1期14-20,共7页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：内蒙古自治区应用研发项目(201802102)。

摘　　要：为了解白鲜(Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz.)的开花特性与繁育类型,对内蒙古赤峰市白鲜开花动态及花器官特征、花粉活力、柱头可授性、花粉胚珠数量比(P/O)、杂交指数(OCI)和结实率等指标进行了观测与研究。结果表明:白鲜的花期从5月中旬开始,6月下旬结束,持续时间为35~40 d;单株花期平均为19.1 d,单花花期平均为4.1 d。开花过程中,雄蕊具有级联运动及早熟特性,雌蕊能够伸长卷曲,同时存在雌雄异位和雌雄异熟现象;开花2 d时,花粉活力最高,最高时为73.88%,开花3~4 d时,柱头可授性较强;白鲜的杂交指数为5,花粉胚珠数量比为885.95,存在部分自交亲和,繁育系统为兼性异交。白鲜的访花昆虫主要有中华蜜蜂、熊蜂、黄胸木蜂等,其中中华蜜蜂为主要传粉者。Observations and studies were conducted on the flowering dynamics,floral organ characteristics,pollen viability,stigma receptivity,pollen ovule number ratio(P/O),outcrossing index(OCI),and fruiting rate of Dictamnus dasycarpus in Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia,in order to understand its flowering characteristics and breeding type.The results showed that the flowering period of D.dasycarpus started in mid-May and ended in late June,with a duration of 35~40 d.The flowering period average value of a single plant was 19.1 d,and that of a single flower was 4.1 d.During the flowering process,the stamens exhibited cascade movement and early maturation characteristics,while the pistils could elongate and curl.There was also a phenomenon of dichogamy and heterodichogamy.The pollen viability was highest at 2 days of flowering,reaching a peak of 73.88%.The stigma receptivity was strong at 3-4 days after flowering.The hybrid index of D.dasycarpus was 5,the pollen ovule number ratio was 885.95,and there was partial self-compatibility,with a breeding system of facultative outcrossing.The main visiting insects of D.dasycarpus were Apis cerana,Bombus Spp.,and Xylocopa appendiculata,among which A.cerana was the main pollinator.

关 键 词：白鲜 开花特性 繁育系统 级联运动 

分 类 号：S682.19[农业科学—观赏园艺]