市售3种豆类蔬菜中农药残留状况及暴露比值分析  

Analysis of Pesticide Residues and Exposure Ratio in Three Kinds of Legume Vegetables Sold in the Market

作　　者：林丽容 LIN Lirong(Ningde Quality Inspection Institute of Product,Ningde 352100,China)

机构地区：[1]宁德市产品质量检验所,福建宁德352100

出　　处：《食品安全导刊》2023年第36期68-72,共5页China Food Safety Magazine

摘　　要：目的:了解市售3种豆类蔬菜中农药残留状况及污染暴露风险。方法:以菜豆、豇豆、食荚豌豆为对象,检测了595批次样本中17种农药残留含量,依据GB 2763—2021对农药残留量进行判定,并通过计算农药最大暴露比值,对农药暴露风险进行了简单评价。结果:595批次豆类蔬菜中,农药残留检出率为28.57%,超标率为5.38%,检出率和超标率的顺序均为食荚豌豆>豇豆>菜豆。7种超标农药超标率顺序依次为倍硫磷>水胺硫磷=多菌灵>啶虫脒>氧乐果>毒死蜱=灭蝇胺。农药暴露比值计算结果表明氧乐果、水胺硫磷和倍硫磷的最大暴露比值超过了1,存在一定的食用风险。结论:豆类蔬菜中农药残留检出频次较高,存在超标现象,且存在使用高毒禁用农药的情况,农药共残留检出现象还比较突出,发现3种农药的最大暴露比值大于1,对人体的健康存在一定的风险,建议相关部门加强对此类农药使用的监管。Objective:To understand the pesticide residues and pollution exposure risk of three kinds of legume vegetables sold in the market.Method:With kidney beans,cowpeas and edible podded peas as objects,17 pesticide residues in 595 batches of samples were detected.The pesticide residues were determined according to GB 2763—2021.The pesticide exposure risk was simply evaluated by calculating the maximum exposure ratio of pesticides.Result:In 595 batches of legume vegetables,the detection rate of pesticide residues was 28.57%,and the rate of exceeding the standard was 5.38%.The order of the detection rate and the rate of exceeding the standard was edible podded peas>cowpeas>kidney beans.The order of the exceeding standard rate of seven pesticides was as follows:fenthion>isocarbophos=carbendazim>acetamiprid>omethoate>chlorpyrifos=melamine.The calculation results of pesticide exposure ratio showed that the maximum exposure ratio of omethoate,fenitrothion and fenitrothion exceeded 1,and there was a certain risk of consumption.Conclusion:The detection frequency of pesticide residues in legumes and vegetables is high,there is a phenomenon of exceeding the standard,and there is a situation of using highly toxic banned pesticides.The detection phenomenon of pesticide residues is relatively prominent.It is found that the maximum exposure ratio of three pesticides is greater than 1,which poses a certain risk to human health.It is suggested that the relevant departments strengthen the supervision of the use of such pesticides.

关 键 词：豆类蔬菜 农药残留 检出率 超标率 最大暴露比值 

分 类 号：TS255.7[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]