论国民经济整体循环中的国有企业利润形成机制——一个基于马克思主义线性生产框架的经验研究  

The Profit Formation Mechanism of State-owned Enterprises in the Overall Cycle of National Economy:An Empirical Study Based on Marxian Linear Production Framework

作　　者：刘凤义 计佳成 冯志轩 Liu Fengyi;Ji Jiacheng;Feng Zhixuan(School of Marxism and Political Economy Research Center;Nankai University;School of Economics,Nankai University;School of Economics and Management,Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]南开大学马克思主义学院 [2]南开大学政治经济学研究中心 [3]南开大学经济学院 [4]武汉大学经济与管理学院

出　　处：《政治经济学评论》2023年第6期42-70,共29页China Review of Political Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“马克思主义宏观经济循环理论与经验分析框架研究”(项目编号:21CJL004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文旨在研究一个在中国经济学界长期争论的问题:中国国有企业的利润是否来源于其垄断地位。文章利用马克思主义经济学重视经济循环和再生产的特点,创新性地使用马克思主义经济学的线性生产分析框架,测量了行业市场价格与生产价格偏离程度的指标,该指标能够将行业置于国民经济的分工和循环过程中,在控制再生产过程中技术因素的条件下衡量不同行业利用垄断权力获取垄断利润的程度,以此考察国有企业占比与行业垄断利润的关系。本文将中国的情况同包括美国、日本、德国、法国在内的主要发达资本主义国家进行了对比,发现中国国有企业占比较高的行业,相比于美国和日本,其获取垄断利润的程度更低,而与德国和法国获取垄断利润的程度类似。在此基础上,本文以中国数据为基础建立计量模型对国内国有企业占比与行业垄断利润获取的关系进行经验研究。结果表明,国有企业不仅没有通过自身垄断权力获取垄断利润,而且压低了本行业的产品价格,通过低于均衡价格的市场价格补贴了非国有企业,通过较低的价格水平提高了其他企业的利润。从国民经济整体循环看,国有企业不仅不存在依靠垄断利润“与民争利”问题,而且为其他企业提供了更好的积累环境,有力地促进了国民经济整体发展。The purpose of this paper is to examine a long-debated issue in economic community in China:whether Chinese state-owned enterprises(SOEs)have obtained monopoly profits by their monopoly position.Based on the characteristic that Marxist economics attaches importance to economic circulation and reproduction,this paper innovatively uses the linear production analysis framework of Marxist economics to measure the degree of the deviation between market prices and production prices,which places industries in the process of the division of labor and circulation of the national economy,and measures the extent to which different industries use monopoly power to obtain monopoly profits with the control of technical factors in the reproduction process in order to examine the relationship between the share of SOEs and industrial monopoly profits.This paper compares China's situation with that of major developed capitalist countries including the United States,Japan,Germany and France,finding that industries with a higher share of SOEs in China have a lower level of monopoly profits compared with the United States and Japan,while the level of monopoly profits is similar to that of Germany and France.On this basis,this paper empirically investigates the relationship between the share of domestic SOEs and the acquisition of industrial monopoly profits by building an econometric model based on Chinese data.The results show that SOEs not only do not obtain monopoly profits through their monopoly power,but also depress the prices of products in their industries,subsidizing non-SOEs through market prices below the equilibrium price and increasing the profits of other enterprises through lower price levels.From the perspective of the overall cycle of the national economy,SOEs not only do not rely on monopoly profits to compete with the non-SOEs,but also provide a better accumulation environment for them.In this sense,SOEs effectively promote the overall development of the national economy.

关 键 词：国有企业 垄断利润 线性生产 生产价格 

分 类 号：F276.1[经济管理—企业管理] F275[经济管理—国民经济]