高校学术“近亲繁殖”的学科差异及其对科研产出的影响——以2所研究型高校部分学科为例  

Analysis of the Disciplinary Differences of Academic“Inbreeding”in Key Universities and Its Influence on Scientific Research Output:Taking Some Disciplines of Two Research-oriented Universities as Examples

作　　者：王雪梅 乔锦忠[1] WANG Xue-Mei;QIAO Jin-Zhong(Department of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《长江师范学院学报》2024年第1期104-113,共10页Journal of Yangtze Normal University

摘　　要：研究选取P大学(基础学科优势)与T大学(理工学科优势)两所研究型高校12个一级学科759位教师作为样本,探讨学缘关系对科研产出的影响。研究发现,T大学“近亲繁殖”情况的内部差异较大,纯正学统学者和非“近亲繁殖”学者的比重均较高;而P大学“近亲繁殖”情况的差异较小。总体而言,应用学科的“近亲繁殖”情况比基础学科更严重;工科内部学术“近亲繁殖”情况最严重,而医学领域的学缘多样性相对较好。“近亲繁殖”对科研产出有一定的积极意义,环境科学、工程力学、计算机科学等资源依赖性学科学术“近亲繁殖”对科研产出有正向促进作用,有利于提高科研产出的数量和影响力;而在基础理学与文史哲等智力依赖性学科领域,科研产出受学缘关系的影响相对较小。此外,研究还发现“非升即走”机制有利于提高科研产出质量。This study selected 759 teachers from 12 first-level disciplines in two research-oriented universities,P University(whose advantage lies in the basic disciplines)and T University(whose advantage lies in science and technology discipline),as samples to explore the influence of educational background relationship on academic output.It is found that the inbreeding situation of T University has a large internal difference,and the proportion of pure scholars and non-inbred scholars is high.However,the inbreeding situation of P university is less different.In general,the inbreeding situation of applied disciplines are worse than that of basic disciplines.The most serious inbreeding situation is in engineering,while the medical field has a relatively good academic diversity.Inbreeding has a certain positive significance to academic output.Inbreeding in resource-dependent disciplines,such as environmental science,engineering mechanics and computer science has a positive effect on scientific research output,which is conducive to improving the quantity and influence of scientific research output.However,in the intellectual dependent disciplines,such as basic science and literature,history and philosophy,the academic output is relatively less affected by educational background.In addition,this study also found that the“up or go”mechanism is beneficial to improve the quality of scientific research output.

关 键 词：学缘关系 科研产出 人才培养 近亲繁殖 高校教师 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学]