押金返还制造商的闭环供应链双渠道回收竞争与利润分配的非合作-合作两型博弈方法  

Noncooperative-cooperative biform game approach for dual channel recycling competition and profit allocation of closed-loop supply chain under deposit return to manufacturer

作　　者：李登峰 魏骊晓 李梦祺 LI Dengfeng;WEI Lixiao;LI Mengqi(School of Management and Economics,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731,China)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学经济与管理学院,成都611731

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2023年第11期3241-3261,共21页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72271046,72071032,72061007)。

摘　　要：在政府对制造商实施押金返还制度下,针对具有零售商和回收商两条回收渠道的二级闭环供应链回收竞争与利润分配问题,建立连续型非合作-合作两型博弈模型.首先,在非合作博弈部分,零售商与回收商竞争废旧产品的回收率,形成竞争局势.然后,制造商与零售商、回收商合作优化废旧产品的销售价格、新产品的批发价格和零售价格,确定任意竞争局势下合作博弈的联盟特征(利润)函数,利用Shapley值得到各局中人的分配利润.最后,以零售商和回收商的利润分配值作为非合作博弈部分的支付函数,求解得到零售商和回收商的最优回收率(Nash均衡策略).本文建立的非合作-合作两型博弈模型将非合作博弈与合作博弈耦合融通,可以同时解决双渠道回收及定价策略优化与利润分配问题,为政府和供应链的生产-销售-回收决策提供理论依据.研究结果表明:1)政府对制造商实施押金返还制度可以促进制造商与零售商合作,提高零售商回收废旧产品的积极性,但对回收商没有明显激励作用.政府适当增加单位押金有利于提高社会福利,但押金过高不利于回收市场的稳定;2)回收渠道之间激烈的竞争会损害供应链利润、消费者剩余和社会福利,回收商应选取合适的方式适度降低市场竞争;3)废旧产品具有较高的成本优势可以实现利润与环境绩效的双赢,生产与回收方应积极寻找措施提高废旧产品的可利用价值.For recycling competition and profit allocation of closed-loop supply chain with two channels to collect used products,a continuous noncooperative-cooperative biform game model is established under the deposit return to manufacturer implemented by the government.Firstly,in the noncooperative game part,retailer and recycler compete to collect used products,and forms competitive situation.Secondly,manufacturer,retailer and recycler cooperate to optimize the sales price of the used products,the wholesale and retail price of new products,that is,determine the characteristic function of coalitions in cooperative game part under the given competitive situation.Shapley value is used to obtain players’allocated profits.Finally,taking the allocated profits of retailer and recycler as the payment function,the optimal used products’collection rate of retailer and recycler are solved.The non-cooperative cooperative biform game model established in this paper combines the non-cooperative game with the cooperative game,which can simultaneously solve the problem of dual channel recycling and pricing strategy optimization,and profit distribution,and provide a theoretical basis for the government and supply chain members to make production,sales,and recovery decisions.Our results show that,1)The government’s implementation of deposit refund system for manufacturers can promote cooperation between the manufacturer and retailer,and increase retailer’s enthusiasm for collect used products,but it has no obvious incentive effect on recyclers.An appropriate increase of unit deposits is conducive to improving social welfare,but excessive deposits are not conducive to the stability of the recovery market.2)The fierce competition among recycling channels damages supply chain profits,consumer surplus,and social welfare.Recyclers should choose appropriate ways to moderately reduce market competition.3)Used products have the high cost advantage and can achieve a win-win situation of profit and environmental performance.Production and

关 键 词：闭环供应链 押金返还 回收竞争 非合作-合作两型博弈 环境影响 

分 类 号：F274[经济管理—企业管理]