酵母β-葡聚糖对泌乳中期奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵参数及微生物区系结构的影响  

Effects of Yeastβ-Glucan on Performance,Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microflora Structure of Dairy Cows in Middle Lactation Period

作　　者：高鹏翔 潘予琮 方洛云 赵璐宇 蒋林树 GAO Pengxiang;PAN Yucong;FANG Luoyun;ZHAO Luyu;JIANG Linshu(Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition,College of Animal Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agricultural,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院动物科学技术学院,奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第12期7865-7878,共14页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：家畜产业技术体系北京市创新团队(BAIC05);北京农学院学位与研究生教育改革与发展项目(2023YJS039)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究饲粮中添加不同水平酵母β-葡聚糖对泌乳中期奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵参数以及瘤胃微生物区系结构的影响。试验选取30头泌乳中期健康奶牛[胎次为(2.74±0.71),产奶量为(40.32±5.66)kg/d,泌乳日龄为(95.15±46.25)d],随机分为3组,每组10头。对照组(C组)饲喂全混合日粮(TMR),试验组(L组和H组)在此基础上分别补充饲喂20、40 g/(d·头)酵母β-葡聚糖。在正式试验期的第1、15、30、45、60天,采集乳样和瘤胃液样本,测定生产性能、瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃微生物区系结构。结果表明:1)L组奶牛产奶量极显著高于C组(P<0.01),且L组和H组乳脂率、4%乳脂校正奶产量以及乳糖率均显著高于C组(P<0.05)。2)与C组相比,L组奶牛瘤胃中乙酸和丁酸的含量显著提高(P<0.05),但丙酸、氨态氮含量及乙酸/丙酸没有显著差异(P>0.05)。3)基于16S rRNA高通量测序技术,研究确定在门水平上,3组奶牛瘤胃中的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门。在属水平上,优势菌属均为普雷沃氏菌属。经过LEfSe分析,在奶牛瘤胃液中共检测到56个差异物种(线性判别分析≥2,P<0.05),其中24个物种在C组中发挥重要作用,32个物种在L组中发挥重要作用。综上所述,饲粮中添加酵母β-葡聚糖可以显著提高泌乳中期奶牛的产奶量和乳品质,同时对瘤胃发酵过程和微生物区系结构也产生了一定的影响。The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding different levels of yeastβ-glucan on performance,rumen fermentation parameters and microflora structure of dairy cows in middle lactation period.Selecting 30 healthy dairy cows[similar parity was(2.74±0.71),milk production was(40.32±5.66)kg/d,and days in milk was(95.15±46.25)d]in middle lactation period were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 heads in each group.Dairy cows in the control group(C group)were fed total mixed diet(TMR),and those in the experimental groups(L and H groups)were supplemented with 20 and 40 g/(d·head)yeastβ-glucan,respectively.At days 1,15,30,45 and 60 of the formal trial period,milk and rumen fluid samples were collected to determine the performance,rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microflora structure.The results showed as follows:1)milk yield of cows in L group was significantly higher than that in C group(P<0.01),and milk fat percentage,4%milk fat corrected milk yield and lactose percentage in L and H groups were significantly higher than those in C group(P<0.05).2)Compared with C group,the contents of acetic acid and butyric acid in rumen in L group were significantly increased(P<0.05),but the contents of propionic acid,ammonia nitrogen and acetic acid/propionic acid were not significantly different(P>0.05).3)Based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology,it was determined that Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the dominant bacteria in the rumen of dairy cows in the 3 groups at the phylum level.At the generic level,Prevotella was the dominant bacteria.A total of 56 distinct species were detected in rumen fluid of dairy cows by LEfSe analysis(linear discriminant analysis≥2,P<0.05),of which 24 species played an important role in C group and 32 species played an important role in L group.In conclusion,dietary supplementation of yeastβ-glucan can significantly improve milk yield and milk quality of dairy cows during middle lactation period,and also have certain effects on rumen fermentation process

关 键 词：酵母Β-葡聚糖 奶牛 生产性能 瘤胃 微生物区系结构 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]