史前中国竹林资源与利用  

Prehistoric Resources and Utilization of Bamboo Forest in China

作　　者：蓝晓光 Lan Xiaoguang(Zhejiang Provincial Forestry Bureau,Hangzhou 310019,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省林业局,杭州310019

出　　处：《世界竹藤通讯》2023年第6期12-21,共10页World Bamboo and Rattan

摘　　要：探究竹类植物从哪里来,远古竹林资源如何分布,又是如何为古人所用,具有重要意义。众所周知,大熊猫和竹鼠均以竹子为主要食物来源,有大熊猫或竹鼠的地方就会有竹林。近百年来,史前大熊猫和竹鼠化石、骨骼及牙齿,竹类植物化石、植硅体或碳化物,以及仿竹的玉、石、陶等器物陆续被发现。基于考古成果,文章研究得出以下结论:早在中中新世前,竹类植物已在云南、浙江、青海和江苏等地出现;远古竹类植物生物学特性有异,竹种多样;史前我国竹林分布大致范围是北纬46°60′—19°10′、东经119°78′—98°90′;中中新世到整个第四纪,我国竹林资源经历了一个由少到多、再到衰减的变化过程,且分布的海拔高度呈现不断增高的趋势;史前我国竹子利用经历了旧石器、新石器2个阶段,集中于长江下游、长江中游、黄河流域3个中心。It is greatly significant to explore where bamboo plants come from,how ancient bamboo forest resources were distributed,and how they were used by ancient people.As is well known,both giant pandas and bamboo rats rely on bamboo for food,and therefore wherever there are giant pandas or bamboo rats,there will be bamboo forests.In the past century,fossils of prehistoric giant pandas and bamboo rats,their bones and teeth,bamboo plant fossils,phytoliths or carbides,as well as bamboo-shaped jade,stone,pottery and other artifacts have been gradually discovered.Based on archaeological findings,this study draws the conclusions that bamboo plants had already appeared in Yunnan,Zhejiang,Qinghai,and Jiangsu before the Middle Miocene,and their biological characteristics varied within a variety of species.The approximate distribution range of the prehistoric bamboo forests in China was 46°60'—19°10'N and 119°78'—98°90'E,respectively.From the Middle Miocene to the entire Quaternary,China's bamboo forest resources went through an increasing-to-declining process,with the climbing distribution altitude.The utilization of bamboo in prehistoric China went through two stages,i.e.,the Old and New Stone Age,concentrated in three centers of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,and the Yellow River Basin.

关 键 词：史前时期 竹资源 大熊猫 竹鼠 化石 分布 利用 中国 

分 类 号：S795[农业科学—林木遗传育种]