数字经济、要素资源错配与企业产能利用率  

Digital Economy,Resource Misallocation,and Capacity Utilization

作　　者：郑雪梅 邹粉菊 徐伟呈[2,3] ZHENG Xuemei;ZOU Fenju;XU Weicheng(Institute of Western China Economic Research,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 611130,China;School of Economics,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Institute of Marine Development,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学中国西部经济研究院,四川成都611130 [2]中国海洋大学经济学院,山东青岛266100 [3]中国海洋大学海洋发展研究院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《南京财经大学学报》2023年第6期90-98,共9页Journal of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“同质竞争、政府管制与产能过剩——基于中国电力行业的研究”(72003156);教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“数字经济赋能制造业碳解锁的机理解析、效应评价与对策研究”(23YJC790164);山东省社会科学规划研究项目“数字经济驱动山东省工业碳解锁的机理、效应与对策研究”(23CJJJ36)。

摘　　要：产能过剩作为阻碍制造业高质量发展的顽疾,其优化问题迫在眉睫。针对中国产能过剩成因,无论是市场失灵造成的过度投资还是地方政府干预,究其根本是要素资源的错配。作为经济发展新动力,数字经济是否可以提高企业产能利用率,要素资源错配在其中发挥着什么样的作用?基于这一问题,对2011—2019年制造业上市公司进行实证分析。研究发现:(1)数字经济的发展可以显著提升企业的产能利用率;(2)数字经济的发展只对东部和中部地区、民营企业、中小规模企业的产能利用率有显著的提升作用;(3)调节机制显示,企业资本错配与劳动力错配弱化了数字经济的去产能效应。为有效化解产能,政府应加快推进数字经济建设,促进数字经济与制造业深度融合,同时根据地方经济发展差异化制定政策。Over-capacity is a persistent obstacle to high-quality development in manufacturing;in China,this is mainly caused by over-investment,caused by market failure,and local government intervention,both of which can lead to the distortion and misallocation of factor resources.Can the digital economy,as a driving force for economic development,improve the utilization of production capacity?What role does the mismatch of factor resources play in it?In attempting to answer these questions,this paper takes listed manufacturing companies from 2011 to 2019 to test the impact of digital economy developments on capacity utilization.The results show that(1)the development of the digital economy has significantly improved capacity utilization;(2)the digital economy can only significantly improve capacity utilization in the Eastern and Central regions of China,specifically in private small-and medium-sized companies;and(3)the regulatory mechanism shows that the misallocation of capital and labor weaken the de-capacity effect of the digital economy.To effectively reduce production capacity,the government should accelerate the development of the digital economy,deeply integrate it into manufacturing,and formulate policies based on the development needs of local economies.

关 键 词：数字经济 资本错配 劳动力错配 产能利用率 制造业高质量发展 

分 类 号：F276[经济管理—企业管理]