孤独症谱系障碍儿童父母的亲职压力特征分析  

Analysis of characteristics of parenting stress in children with autism spectrum disorder

作　　者：余美侨 陈淑芬[1] 罗仕萍 王为实[1] YU Meiqiao;CHEN Shufen;LUO Shiping;WANG Weishi(Department of Children’s Psychology,Longgang Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Shenzhen,Shenzhen 518172,Guangdong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院儿童心理科,深圳518172

出　　处：《教育生物学杂志》2023年第6期485-489,共5页Journal of Bio-education

摘　　要：目的探讨孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)儿童父母的亲职压力特征并分析其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样方法,选取2022年1至6月于深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院儿童心理科首次确诊的ASD、智力发育迟缓(intellectual development delay,IDD)、语言发育迟缓(language delay,LD)儿童157例,分别纳入ASD组(n=61)、IDD组(n=45)和LD组(n=51)。对比3组儿童父母的亲职压力简表(parenting stress index-short form,PSI-SF)得分的差异,Logistic回归分析ASD儿童父母亲职压力的影响因素。结果ASD组父母PSI-SF总分为(112.49±18.67)分,总分及各分量表得分均显著高于IDD组和LD组儿童父母(P<0.001)。ASD组儿童父母PSI-SF总分处于高及非常高的比率为88.52%(54/61),显著高于IDD组的53.33%(24/45)和LD组的39.21%(20/51),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。孤独症行为量表(autism behavior checklist,ABC)总分高是ASD儿童父母亲职压力高水平的危险因素。结论ASD儿童父母的亲职压力高于IDD和LD儿童父母,亲职压力水平与ASD儿童的症状严重程度相关。Objective To explore the characteristics of parenting stress in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),and analyze the influencing factors.Methods By using convenient sampling method,157 children with ASD,intellectual development delay(IDD),and language delay(LD)who were first diagnosed in the Department of Children’s Psychology,Longgang Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Shenzhen from January to June 2022 were enrolled.There were 61 children in ASD group,45 in IDD group,and 51 in LD group,respectively.The scores of parenting stress index-short form(PSI-SF)among the ASD,IDD,and LD group were compared.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of parenting stress.Results The total score of PSI-SF in the ASD group was 112.49±18.67.The total score and scores of each subscale were significantly higher than those in the IDD and LD group(P<0.001).The proportion of parents with high or very high PSI-SF total scores in the ASD group was 88.52%(54/61),which was significantly higher than 53.33%(24/45)in the IDD group and 39.21%(20/51)in the LD group(P<0.001).A high total score on the autism behavior checklist(ABC)was a risk factor for high levels of parenting stress in ASD children.Conclusion The parenting stress of children with ASD is higher than those of IDD and LD children.The level of parenting stress is related to the severity of symptoms of ASD.

关 键 词：孤独症谱系障碍 智力发育迟缓 语言发育迟缓 亲职压力 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]