基于模型预测控制的风储联合电场参与电网二次调频策略  

Strategy of Wind-Storage Combined System Participating inPower System Secondary Frequency Regulation Based onModel Predictive Control

作　　者：刘传斌 矫文书 吴秋伟 陈健[1] 周前 LIU Chuanbin;JIAO Wenshu;WU Qiuwei;CHEN Jian;ZHOU Qian(School of Electrical Engineering,Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China;Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School,Tsinghua University,Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong,China;Research Institute,State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 211100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学电气工程学院,济南250061 [2]清华大学清华伯克利深圳学院,清华深圳国际研究生院,广东深圳518055 [3]国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,南京211100

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报》2024年第1期91-101,共11页Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51877124)资助项目。

摘　　要：随着风力发电在电网中渗透率不断增加,需要风储联合电场参与电网调频服务,维持电网的频率稳定.针对中高风速下的风储联合电场,通过分析风力发电机的机械特性和储能系统的运行特性,确定了减载运行方式下风力发电机桨距角的控制方式,提出一种基于模型预测控制的风储联合电场参与电网二次调频的控制策略.建立风电场桨距角控制的预测模型和电化学储能系统的预测模型,优化风力发电机和储能系统的有功功率输出,在调频基础上更好地减少了风能损失.根据上级系统的有功功率指令值和风力发电机实际输出功率之间的差值对桨距角控制进行进一步修正,使得风力发电机在二次调频期间能够更好地追踪到上级系统的功率指令值,迅速响应频率变化值,减小动态频率偏差,完成二次调频任务.仿真结果表明,该控制策略综合考虑了风力发电机可控的二次调频能力和电化学储能系统响应快速、跟踪精确的特性,使风储联合电场能够主动响应系统频率的变化,更好地跟踪上级系统下发的有功功率指令值,参与电网二次调频.With the increasing penetration of wind power in power grids,it is necessary for wind storage joint farms to participate in power grid frequency modulation to maintain frequency stability of the power grid.By analyzing the mechanical characteristics of the wind turbine and the operation characteristics of the energy storage system,this paper determines the adjustability of the wind turbine power output in the pitch angle load shedding operation mode,and proposes a control strategy for the wind farm with an energy storage system to participate in the secondary frequency regulation of the power grid based on model predictive control(MPC).It establishes a prediction model for pitch angle control of the wind farm and an electrochemical energy storage system,optimizing the active power output of the wind turbine and the energy storage system,and better reducing the wind energy loss based on frequency regulation.The pitch angle control is further corrected based on the difference between the active power command value of the superior system and the actual power output of the wind turbine,so that the wind turbine can better track the power command value of the superior system during secondary frequency regulation,quickly respond to the frequency changes,reduce the dynamic frequency deviation,avoid load rejection due to too low frequency drop,and complete the task of secondary frequency regulation.The simulation results show that under the control strategy proposed in this paper,the controllable secondary frequency regulation ability of the wind turbine and the characteristics of fast response and accurate tracking of the energy storage system are comprehensively considered,the active power command issued by the superior system is better tracked,and the task of the wind farm including the energy storage system participating in the secondary frequency regulation is realized.

关 键 词：风储联合电场 模型预测控制 桨距角控制 电化学储能系统 二次调频 有功功率追踪 

分 类 号：TM614[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]