视域融合及语言在诠释活动中的本体论意义——伽达默尔哲学诠释学论稿之二  

The Ontological Significance of Fusion of Horizons and Language in Hermeneutic Activities for Gadamer's Second Essay on Philosophical Hermeneutics

作　　者：王锺陵[1] WANG Zhongling

机构地区：[1]苏州大学国学院,215006

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2023年第11期16-27,共12页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

摘　　要：如果说作品概念是伽达默尔理论的核心,那末,一种抽象化的理解概念,则是他的理论的本位。在理解中,有两个视域——历史与现在的交互作用。伽达默尔强调时间距离对于理解的重要性,进而引出了“效果历史”的概念,并认为理解按其本性乃是一种效果历史事件。所谓效果历史事件,就是在阅读中现时的、随机性的因素带来意义的实现与扩展。他将此种扩展称为存在增长,并说正是这种存在增长才给予作品以完全的现在性。由此,他的“视域交融”论,就必然要将历史视域化入到现在视域中,亦即是以现在视域吞并了历史视域。那种普遍存在的认为伽达默尔的“视域融合”论,说的是历史视域与现在视域两者融合的意见,是肤浅的、片面的,不符合伽达默尔理论的实际。关于语言在理解活动中具有本体意义的问题,伽达默尔论证的要点是,整个理解过程乃是一种语言过程,而世界则是在语言中得到表述的。更重要的是,他还提出“语言游戏”的概念,语言因而也被主体化了。人们听语言说,应合此种语言说,便是理解。这是吸取了海德格尔“语言说”的思想。concept of understanding is the standard of his theory.In understanding,there are two horizonsthe interaction of history and present.Gadamer emphasized the importance of time distance for understanding,and then introduced the concept of"effective history"and believed that understanding by its nature is an event of"effective history".The so-called event of"effective history"is the realization and expansion of meaning brought about by current and random factors in reading.He called this kind of expansion the growth of being and said that it is this growth of being that gives the work its complete presentness.Therefore,his theory of"fusion of horizons"inevitably merges the horizons of history into the horizons of the present,that is,the horizons of the present annexes the horizons of history.The common opinion that Gadamer's theory of"fusion of horizons"is the fusion of historical horizons and present horizons is superficial,one-sided,and inconsistent with the reality of Gadamer's theory.Regarding the ontological significance of language in understanding activities,the main point of Gadamer's argument is that the entire understanding process is a language process,and the world is expressed in language.More importantly,he also put forward the concept of"language games",and language is thus subjectified.People listen to the language and speak in accordance with the language,which is understanding.This is the idea of Heidegger's"language theory".

关 键 词：时间距离 效果历史 视域融合 语言游戏 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]