我国各民族人口受教育水平提升与层次结构优化——基于“五普”“六普”“七普”的数据分析  

Improvement of Education Level and the Hierarchical Structure Optimization of Different Ethnic Groups in China:Data Analysis Based on the Fifth,Sixth,and Seventh National Population Census

作　　者：刘谦[1] 李祎晨 张帅 LIU Qian;LI Yi-chen;ZHANG Shuai(School of Sociology and Population,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学社会与人口学院,北京100872

出　　处：《民族教育研究》2023年第5期34-44,共11页Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国少数民族人口迁移流动与民族互嵌格局形成研究”(项目编号:20&ZD172)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文对第五、六、七次全国人口普查公开数据进行深度挖掘,围绕“平均受教育年限”“人口受教育程度水平分布”两大核心指标,通过绝对差异、相对差异、次序和分类等不同维度的数据分析,细致呈现自2000一2020年20年间各民族人口在三次人口普查时间节点上的受教育状况及总体变动趋势。研究发现,21世纪以来,我国各民族人口平均受教育年限显著提升,由初等教育、中等教育和高等教育之间的比例关系所构成的教育层次结构不断优化。当前各民族之间的受教育水平和教育层次结构仍存在差异,但从纵向发展上看,差异正不断缩小。在促进教育现代化水平进一步提升的历史进程中,需要根据各民族教育发展现状,强调因地制宜推进教育政策与实践,促进教育均衡发展,为推动各民族共同团结奋斗,实现共同繁荣发展奠定更加坚实的基础。Through exploring on the fifth,sixth and seventh national census data,focusing on the two core indicators of"average education years"and"population education level distribution",and making data analysis through different dimensions such as absolute differences,relative differences,order and classification,this article makes detailed analysis on the education status and the overall change dynamic of the population in the three different periods of taking respective census between 2000 and 2020.It is found that since the 2lst century,the average length of education of the population of all ethnic groups in China has increased significantly,and the educational hierarchical structure of education,which is composed of the proportional relationship between primary education,secondary education and higher education,has been continuously optimized.At present,there are still differences in the education level and education hierarchy among different ethnic groups,but from the perspective of historic development,the differences are continuously narrowing.In the historical process of further promoting the level of education modernization,it is necessary to emphasize on the promotion of education policies and practices in accordance with local conditions,promote the balanced development of education,and lay a more solid foundation for all ethnic groups to work together to achieve common prosperity and development.

关 键 词：民族教育 平均受教育年限 人口受教育程度水平分布 教育层次结构 

分 类 号：G759.2[文化科学—教育学]