不同灌溉方式对冬种马铃薯土壤理化性状、水分利用效率及块茎产量的影响  

Effects of different irrigation methods on soil physical and chemical properties,water use efficiency and tuber yield of winter potato

作　　者：樊吴静[1] 杨鑫[1] 李丽淑[1] 李兰青 唐海 唐秀桦[1] 何虎翼[1] 唐洲萍[1] FAN Wu-jing;YANG Xin;LI Li-shu;LI Lan-qing;TANG Hai;TANG Xiu-hua;HE Hu-yi;TANG Zhou-ping(Cash Crops Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science,Nanning 530007,China;Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sci-ence,Yulin,Guangxi 537000,China;Social Security Management Center of Qiaoli Township,Mashan County,Mashan,Guangxi 530699,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院经济作物研究所,南宁530007 [2]玉林市农业科学院,广西玉林537000 [3]马山县乔利乡社会保障管理中心,广西马山530699

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第11期2374-2381,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家马铃薯产业技术体系南宁综合试验站项目(CARS⁃09⁃ES19);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2021YM06,桂农科2022JM38);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT058)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同灌溉方式对冬种马铃薯土壤理化性状、水分利用效率和块茎产量的影响,为完善广西冬种马铃薯灌溉技术及促进广西冬种马铃薯产业健康发展提供科学依据。【方法】以马铃薯品种丽薯6号为试验材料,设置膜下滴灌(A)、露地滴灌(B)、露地微喷灌(C)和不灌溉(对照,CK)4种灌溉方式(即4个处理),在苗期、块茎形成期和块茎膨大期测定各处理马铃薯地的土壤理化性状,在盛花期调查植株的主要农艺性状,在收获期测定块茎的产量和质量,并计算水分利用效率,筛选适宜广西冬种马铃薯高产高效生产的节水灌溉方式。【结果】与CK相比,处理A、处理B和处理C的土壤平均温度分别增加1.57、0.37和0.17℃;除苗期25.00 cm土层外,处理A在苗期和块茎形成期的土壤平均温度均极显著大于其他处理(P<0.01,下同);在马铃薯整个生长发育时期,处理A、处理B和处理C的土壤含水量分别较CK提高18.68%、11.43%和11.43%,除苗期和块茎膨大期0~10.00 cm土层外,处理A的土壤含水量均极显著大于其他处理;土壤孔隙度及碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量均表现为处理A>处理B>处理C>CK;处理A、处理B和处理C马铃薯的株高、主茎数、单株块茎数、单株块茎重和商品薯率均显著(P<0.05)或极显著大于CK,且除主茎数外均以处理A最大;处理A的块茎产量和水分利用效率分别为40.40 t/hm2和7.16 kg/m3,均极显著大于其他处理。【结论】冬种马铃薯采用膜下滴灌、露地滴灌和露地微喷灌均可有效提高土壤的水热及养分含量,提高水分利用效率,促进马铃薯植株生长和块茎产量提高,其中以膜下滴灌效果最佳,适宜在广西冬种马铃薯生产中推广应用。【Objective】The present study aimed to explore the effects of different irrigation methods on soil physical and chemical properties,water use efficiency and tuber yield of winter potato,and to provide scientific basis for improving the irrigation technology of winter potato and promoting the healthy development of winter potato industry in Guangxi.【Method】Potato variety Lishu 6 was used as the experimental materi⁃al,four irrigation methods were set up:drip irrigation under film(A),open field drip irrigation(B),open field micro sprinkler irrigation(C)and non⁃irrigation(CK).Soil physicochemical properties of each treatment were measured at seedling stage,tuber formation stage and expansion stage,main agronomic traits of plant were investigated at flowering stage,and tuber yield and quality were measured at harvest stage.Water use efficiency of potato under different irrigation methods were measured,and water⁃saving irrigation methods suitable for high yield and efficient production of winter potato in Guangxi were selected.【Result】Compared with CK,the average soil temperature of treatment A,treatment B and treatment C increased by 1.57,0.37 and 0.17℃respectively.Except for 25.00 cm soil layer at seedling stage,the soil average temperature of treatment A at seedling stage and tuber formation stage was extremely significantly higher than that of other treatments(P<0.01,the same as below).The average soil water content of treatment A,treatment B and treatment C during the entire growth and de⁃velopment period of potatoes was 18.68%,11.43%and 11.43%higher than that of CK,respectively.Except for the 0-10 cm soil layer at seedling stage and tuber expansion stage,the soil water content of treatment A was extremely significantly higher than that of other treatments.The soil porosity,alkali⁃hydrolyzed nitrogen content,available phosphorus content,available potassium content and organic matter content all showed A>B>C>CK.The plant height,number of main stems,number of tubers per plant,weight of tubers

关 键 词：马铃薯 灌溉方式 土壤养分 块茎产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S539[农业科学—作物学]