贺兰山东麓冲积扇区不同微地形土壤理化性质及酶活性特征  

Characterization of physicochemical properties and enzymatic activities of different micro⁃topographical soils in alluvial fan area at eastern foot of the Helan Mountain

作　　者：赵娜[1] 沈爱红 石云[1] 佘洁 张风红 郭瑞 吴涛 李建华[1] 朱晓雯 李红霞 ZHAO Na;SHEN Ai-hong;SHI Yun;SHE Jie;ZHANG Feng-hong;GUO Rui;WU Tao;LI Jian-hua;ZHU Xiao-wen;LI Hong-xia(College of Geographical Sciences and Planning,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;College of Agriculture,Ningxia Uni-versity,Yinchuan 750021,China;Administration Office of Western Eco-protection Forest of Yinchuan City,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [3]银川市银西生态防护林管理处,银川750021 [4]宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区管理局,银川750021

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第11期2451-2463,共13页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2022AAC02020);宁夏回族自治区重点研发重大项目(2021NXZD8)。

摘　　要：【目的】以贺兰山东麓冲积扇为研究对象,分析不同微地形土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性的空间分布特征及其差异性,探讨两者间相互关系,为贺兰山东麓冲积扇发育机制研究、生态修复及农业生产等提供理论基础。【方法】以野外调查取样和实验室分析测定为基础,运用经典统计学方法对不同微地形(冲积台地、高漫滩、槽滩、沟床)和不同土层深度(0~20、20~40 cm)的土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性进行分析,同时利用地理探测器结合典范排序方法对土壤酶活性与土壤理化性质的关系进行研究。【结果】在不同微地形,土壤砾石含量、有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量表现为冲积台地>高漫滩>槽滩>沟床,速效磷和速效钾含量表现为高漫滩>冲积台地>槽滩>沟床,各元素含量随着土层厚度增大而降低;土壤pH、全磷和全钾含量在不同微地形差异不显著;土壤酶活性在不同微地形表现为碱性磷酸酶与脲酶活性为冲积台地最高,沟床最低,过氧化氢酶与过氧化物酶活性为沟床最高,冲积台地最低。碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性随着土层厚度增加而减少,过氧化物酶活性随着土层厚度的增加而增加。地理探测器探测结果显示:研究区不同微地形土壤酶活性空间分异是各土壤理化性质共同作用的结果,不同因子对土壤酶活性的影响程度不尽相同。通过进一步的冗余分析表明:全氮、碱解氮、土壤砾石含量和速效钾是影响贺兰山东麓冲积扇区土壤酶活性变化的主要指标,重要性大小排序为:全氮>碱解氮>土壤砾石含量>速效钾。【结论】贺兰山东麓冲积扇区不同微地形土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性分布存在显著差异,土壤各理化性质对土壤酶活性的作用强弱不尽相同,揭示了土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性关系的复杂性及酶活性空间分布变异影响因子的多样性。【Objective】The present paper aimed to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of soil physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities in different micro⁃topography and their differences,and to explore the interrelationship between them,which can provide a theoretical basis for the study of alluvial fan development mechanism,ecological restoration and agricultural production in the eastern part of the Helan Mountain.【Method】The physical and chemical properties of soil and soil enzyme activity were analyzed in different micro⁃topogra⁃phy(alluvial terrace,high diffuse beach,slotted beach and gully bed)and soil depth(0-20,20-40 cm)based on field survey sampling and laboratory analysis,and the relationship between soil enzyme activity and soil physical and chemical properties was investigated by using geographic probe combined with exemplary ranking method.The relationship between soil enzyme activity and soil physicochemical properties was investigated using a geodetector combined with the canonical ranking method.【Result】In different micro⁃topography,the contents of soil gravel,organic matter,total nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen showed that alluvial terrace>alluvial terrace>trough terrace>furrow bed,and the contents of fast⁃acting phosphorus and fast⁃acting potassium showed that alluvial terrace>trough terrace>furrow bed,and the contents of each element decreased with the increase of soil thickness;The differences of soil pH,total phosphorus and total potassium were not significant in different micro⁃topography;Soil enzyme activities in different micro⁃topography showed that Alkaline phosphatase and ure⁃ase activities were the highest in alluvial terraces and the lowest in gully beds,while catalase and peroxidase activities were the highest in gully beds and the lowest in alluvial terraces.The activities of alkaline phosphatase,urease and peroxidase decreased with the increase of soil thickness,and the activities of peroxidase increased with the increase of soil thickness

关 键 词：贺兰山东麓 冲积扇土壤 微地形 土壤理化性质 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S159.1[农业科学—土壤学]