三种方法的乡镇减灾能力评估结果比较——以某市区18个乡镇为例  

Comparison of Township Disaster Reduction Capacity Assessment Results Based on Three Methods:A Case Study for 18 Townships in a Certain Distnict of a City

作　　者：丁建闯 钟海仁 许礼林 余洁[1] DING Jianchuang;ZHONG Hairen;XU Lilin;YU Jie(School of Resource,Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;School of Architectural Engineering,North China Institute of Science and Technology,Sanhe 065201,China;GEO-COMPASS Information Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100142,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [2]华北科技学院建筑工程学院,河北三河065201 [3]国信司南(北京)地理信息技术有限公司,北京100142

出　　处：《灾害学》2024年第1期80-88,共9页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：北京市全市灾害综合风险普查(综合减灾能力评估部分)(2141STC62669);廊坊市科技支撑计划项目(2022011013)。

摘　　要：减灾能力是区域防灾减灾、应急救援和恢复重建过程中所具有的综合能力。以某市区“第一次全国自然灾害综合风险普查”基础调查数据为例,分别采用秩和比法(RSR)、非整秩和比法(非整RSR)和TOPSIS法对该区18个乡镇的减灾能力进行定量化评估,从评估模型的实用性、数值大小、等级排名、整体趋势、计算工作量等五方面进行对比分析。结果表明:三种模型均适用于区域减灾能力定量化评估,可根据区域评估目的和需求进行选择。总体上,以秩和比法优劣分档最佳、信息损失最大,TOPSIS法信息损失最小、优劣分档最差。而基于非整秩和比法评估原理,利用线性插值法对各评价指标进行编秩,所编秩次与原指标值间存在更为紧密的线性对应关系,既克服了秩和比法源数据的信息损失,又能对TOPSIS法的优劣分档进行优化。因此,改进后的非整秩和比法的信息损失与优劣分档均比较适中,是三者中的较优选择。对非整秩和比法的研究可为减灾能力定量化评估提供参考。Disaster reduction capacity is a comprehensive capability possessed in the process of regional disaster prevention and reduction,emergency rescue,and recovery and reconstruction.Taking the basic survey data of the First National Comprehensive Risk Survey of Natural Disasters in a certain distnict of a city as an example,the disaster reduction capacities of 18 townships in the area are quantitatively assessed using the RSR method,non integer RSR method,and TOPSIS method,respectively,and a comparative analysis is made from the five aspects of the practicality of the evaluation model,the size of the value,the rank,the overall trend,and the calculation workload.The results show that:All of the three methods are suitable for quantitative assessment of regional disaster reduction capacity,and can be selected based on the purpose and needs of regional evaluation.Overall,the RSR method has the best grading of advantages and disadvantages and the highest information loss,while the TOPSIS method has the lowest information loss and the worst grading of advantages and disadvantages.However,based on the evaluation principle of non integer RSR method,ranking each evaluation index by using the linear interpolation method,there is a linear corresponding relation between the compiled rank and the original index value,it not only overcomes the information loss of the RSR method's source data,but also optimizes the grading of advantages and disadvantages of TOPSIS method.Therefore,the improved non integer RSR method has a moderate information loss and grading of advantages and disadvantages,making it the better choice among the three.The study of non integer RSR method can provide reference for quantitative assessment of disaster reduction capacity.

关 键 词：减灾能力评估 RSR模型 非整RSR模型 TOPSIS模型 线性插值法 信息损失 优劣分档 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5