基于自然的解决方案在防灾减灾中的应用进展  

Advances in the Application of Nature-based Solutions for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

作　　者：纪丹 田健[1] 艾合麦提·那麦提 贺蔚杰 曾坚[1] JI Dan;TIAN Jian;Aihemaiti Namaiti;HE Weijie;ZENG Jian(The School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072

出　　处：《灾害学》2024年第1期126-134,共9页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52078330);天津市委重点调研课题(TJGAZ202303);天津大学自主创新基金(2023XS-0161);天津市哲学社会科学规划项目(TJGL21-013)。

摘　　要：面对日益频发的自然灾害挑战,传统防灾减灾方案难以应对,城市亟须采用新的方案,提升防灾减灾的效率及效益。基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS)是一种由自然启发和支持,主动进行可持续管理、保护和恢复生态系统的方案,已在防灾减灾领域展现出广阔的应用潜力。该文梳理了NbS的概念发展、应用原则、实践措施、常见应用领域及在防灾减灾中的应用流程等,并对NbS在防灾减灾应用特征进行了概括,同时根据灾前准备、灾中应对、灾后恢复三个阶段对NbS在防灾减灾中的应用进展进行了归纳。总结可知:NbS在减灾防灾中的应用是对传统方案的升级,可长期有效地管理自然灾害风险。NbS在灾前工作中的风险管理、风险评估、群体接受度提高、政策制定等措施均可有效提升前期防灾效率;灾中NbS则可进行应灾方案制定、提升基础设施综合效益、提供监测数据为城市防灾规划创建有效思路;灾后NbS通过生态修复、社会恢复、生态系统服务调节、复原力提升等恢复与重建工作,来提升区域适应未来威胁的能力。因此未来需重点关注:(1)如何将NbS纳入政策主流;(2)实时监测、量化效率、效益评估等NbS相关技术提升;(3)NbS本土化实践与经验累积的加强;(4)NbS在规划与实施阶段的可行性提升。In the face of increasingly frequent natural disaster challenges,traditional disaster prevention and mitigation solutions are difficult to cope with,and cities urgently need to adopt new solutions to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of disaster prevention and mitigation.Nature-based Solutions(NbS) is a nature-inspired and supported solution for sustainable management,protection and restoration of ecosystems,and has shown great potential for application in the field of disaster prevention and mitigation.the conceptual development,application principles,practical measures,common application areas and the application process in disaster prevention and mitigation of NbS,and outlines the characteristics of the application process of NbS in disaster prevention and mitigation are composed,and the progress of NbS application in disaster prevention and mitigation are summarized according to three stages:pre-disaster preparation,response during disaster and post-disaster recovery.It is concluded that the application of NbS in disaster mitigation and prevention is an upgrade of traditional solutions to effectively manage natural disaster risks in the long term.And NbS can effectively improve the efficiency of pre-disaster prevention through risk management,risk assessment,community acceptance,and policy development;during the disaster,NbS can improve infrastructure performance and regional ecosystem services,and provide monitoring and evaluation data to create effective ideas for urban disaster prevention planning;in the post-disaster period,NbS can enhance the ability of the region to adapt to future threats through ecological restoration,social recovery,ecosystem service regulation,resilience enhancement,and other recovery and reconstruction efforts.Therefore,in the future,we need to focus on(1) the methods of mainstreaming NbS into policies;(2) the enhancement of NbS-related technologies such as real-time monitoring,quantification of efficiency and benefit assessment;(3) the strengthening of localized practices a

关 键 词：基于自然的解决方案(NbS) 防灾减灾 自然灾害风险 生态系统 应用进展 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5