综合防灾发展驱动下避难场所与救助设施的协同规划探讨  

Study on the Collaborative Planning between Evacuation Shelters and Rescue Facilities Driven by Comprehensive Disaster Prevention Development

作　　者：张威涛 徐漫辰 ZHANG Weitao;XU Manchen(School of Architecture and Art,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100091,China;Institute of Housing and Settlements,China Academy of Urban Planning and Design,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学建筑与艺术学院,北京100091 [2]中国城市规划设计研究院住房与住区研究所,北京100044

出　　处：《灾害学》2024年第1期140-145,共6页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“基于复杂适应系统理论的城市适灾景观勘测模型与规划响应研究”(2020M680332)。

摘　　要：城市避难场所与应急救助设施的协同布局,是综合防灾发展驱动下城市避难场所规划的必然要求。基于此,先通过厘清避难场所在传统职能运行基础上,从灾害暴发期至缓解期参与治安消防、医疗救护、物资供应等应急救助的行动机制,构建以避难场所为核心空间节点、多方专业救助设施紧密联结的“避难协同空间系统”;再提出灾害风险评估、空间规划决策、规划实施保障的三段式避难场所和救助设施协同规划路径和策略,以此落实避难场所和多方救助单位之间行动兼空间上的密切配合。Driven by the comprehensive disaster prevention development,urban evacuation shelters should not only play the traditional function for sheltering,but also actively participate in multiple rescue actions after disaster.Firstly,basing on the evacuation shelter's traditional functions,to clarify its rescue action mechanism participating in the public security,fire control,medical rescue,and material supply,from disaster outbreak period and disaster mitigation period.Then,to build a evacuation cooperative space system which contains shelters as the core node space and multiple professional rescue facilities closely connected.It emphasizes the collaborative planning and layout between evacuation shelters and rescue facilities.

关 键 词：综合防灾 避难场所 救助设施 行动机制 协同规划 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5