“双碳”目标下气候变化诉讼的路径选择  

The Way for Climate Change Litigation under the“Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality”Goal

作　　者：曾德明 Zeng Deming

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《行政与法》2024年第1期27-39,共13页Administration and Law

摘　　要：气候司法是实现“双碳”目标的重要保障。基于温室气体排放影响的全球性、累积性、科学不确定性,可以推导出气候变化诉讼目的的公益性、手段的风险预防性及其诉讼路径选择的政策性。在中国现有环境司法框架中,环境侵权诉讼对气候稳定权益的公益性定位出现偏离,生态环境损害赔偿制度对于尚未造成环境污染和生态破坏的情形力所不逮。环境公益诉讼着眼于环境公益,制度初创即将“具有损害社会公共利益重大风险”的行为纳入救济范畴,是构建我国气候变化诉讼制度的适宜载体。构建中国特色的气候变化诉讼制度,还应从优化责任承担方式、贯彻风险预防原则、适度扩大受案范围等方面予以必要调适。Climate justice is an important guarantee for the realization of the“Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality”goal.Based on the global,cumulative and scientific uncertainty of the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions,it can be deduced that climate change litigation is public welfare in purpose,risk-preventive in means,and policy-oriented in the choice of litigation paths.In China’s existing environmental justice framework,environmental tort litigation has deviated from the public welfare orientation of climate stability rights,and the ecological environment damage compensation system is not sufficient for situations that have not yet caused environmental pollution and ecological damage.The environmental public interest litigation focuses on the public interest of the environment,and the system was initially created to incorporate behaviors that“pose a significant risk of harming the public interest of society”into the scope of remedies,which is a suitable vehicle for building a climate change litigation system in China.In order to build a climate change litigation system with Chinese characteristics,necessary adjustments should be made in terms of optimizing the way responsibility is assumed,implementing the principle of risk prevention,and moderately expanding the scope of cases.

关 键 词：气候变化诉讼 环境侵权诉讼 生态环境损害赔偿 环境公益诉讼 预防性审查 

分 类 号：DF71[政治法律—诉讼法学]