20世纪50年代工业化与社会主义改造时期的性别平等、技术革新与“翻身”叙事——以郝建秀的工作法及其生命历程为例  

Gender Equality,Technological Innovation and the Narrative of“Fanshen”during Industrialization and Socialist Transformation in the 1950s:Hao Jianxiu's Working Methods and Life Course

作　　者：原璐璐 Nicola Spakowski 周晓虹[1] YUAN Lu-lu;Nicola Spakowski;ZHOU Xiao-hong(School of Social and Behavioral Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu Province,China;Institute of Sinology,University of Freiburg,Freiburg 79095,Baden-Württemberg State,Germany)

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学院,江苏南京210023 [2]弗莱堡大学汉学研究所,巴登-符腾堡州弗莱堡79095

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2023年第6期16-28,共13页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

基　　金：南京大学“双一流”建设卓越研究计划“社会学理论与中国研究”项目(项目编号:NJU-ZYR-01005);国家社会科学基金重点项目“集体主义时期妇女劳动与性别化的劳动体制研究”(项目编号:21ASH001)的阶段性成果;国家留学基金委员会(CSC)资助。

摘　　要：本文以集体主义时期工业劳动领域中的著名劳动模范郝建秀的工作法及其生命历程为例,运用“性别—阶级—社会”视角研究女性典型模范塑造对于妇女解放、阶级平等和社会关系改造的意义,探究中国共产党在新民主主义过渡时期顺利实现工业改造和社会主义转型的深层原因。通过对以郝建秀为代表的新中国工业妇女劳动模范的经济、政治、社会和主体性象征意义的全方位解析,尤其是对体现阶级与性别的双向“翻身叙事”的解读,将马克思主义妇女解放理论的分析路径推进一步,即在广泛的劳动参与之后,通过组织管理方法和劳动技能的提升改变传统性别劣等定位对女性的限制,使妇女进一步进入新型的技术和管理领域。与此同时,研究通过对个体典型的塑造、“又赛又帮”的集体主义工作作风和“工人阶级一家亲”等具体历史情境中的社会互动行为、话语和关系的解析,在“国家—社会”之间增加“个体—集体—阶级”的微观和中观分析视角,提炼出群众路线和阶级平等理念下的阶级跃迁、阶级反哺和阶级结合的社会主义整合机制。Hao Jianxiu is a famous model worker in the field of industrial production during the collectivist period.This paper adopts the perspective of“gender⁃class⁃society”in a study of her working method and life course to illustrate the significance of the portrayal of a typical female model worker for women's liberation,class equality and the transformation of social relations.Her example helps explore how the Communist Party of China(CPC)successfully achieved industrial transformation and socialist transformation during the transi⁃tional period of the New Democratic Revolution.Through a comprehensive analysis of the economic,political,social and subjective sym⁃bolism of Hao Jianxiu,especially the two⁃way“fanshen narrative”that embodies both class and gender,the article takes the analytical path of Marxist theory of women's liberation one step further.It argues that extensive women's labour force participation,the organisation and management of the overall workforce,and the upgrading of skills are used to overcome the constraints of traditional gendered inferior⁃ity,allowing women to move further into new technical and managerial fields.At the same time,through an analysis of the portrayal of an individual model,the social interactions in collectivist work style of“competition and collaboration”,and discourses of“the working class as one family”in their historical contexts,the study sheds light on a micro and meso level of‘individual⁃collective⁃class’relation⁃ships.The existence of these relationships between‘state and society’may help refine the socialist integration mechanisms of class⁃based leapfrogging,class⁃based feeding back and class⁃based bonding under the concepts of mass line and class equality.

关 键 词：性别平等与技术革新 郝建秀工作法 妇女劳动模范 翻身叙事 妇女解放 

分 类 号：D442.62[政治法律—政治学]