中国省域高等教育资源集聚布局的创新效应研究  

Research on the Innovation Effect of Higher Education Resource Clustering Layout in China’s Provincial Areas

作　　者：田浩然 赵之灿 TIAN Haoran;ZHAO Zhican(School of Education,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学教育学院,北京100872

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2024年第1期32-45,共14页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究项目“我国博士生招生和培养规模结构质量问题研究”(20JZD051)。

摘　　要：省域集聚布局是中国高等教育资源空间布局的基本特征,集聚发展是高等教育支撑创新增长的基本路径。基于2009—2017年中国23个省份的面板数据,实证分析省域高等教育数量、质量两类资源集聚布局的创新效应。采用位序-规模法和首位度法进行测算发现:省域高等教育资源在样本期内均呈现“单中心”分布特征,高度集聚于省会,质量资源比数量资源更为集聚;部分发达省份高等教育数量资源呈现分散化布局趋势,并逐步向省域“多中心”分布发展,但这并不与集聚布局的基本格局相冲突。回归结果显示:省域高等教育资源集聚对发明创新具有显著的倒U型影响且存在地区异质性,质量资源集聚的倒U型创新效应在中西部显著,东部不显著,而数量资源集聚的倒U型创新效应在东部显著,中西部不显著。进一步分析发现:较之经费资源集聚,省域高等教育的人才资源集聚是更为重要的创新效应源头。省域高等教育资源的首位集聚布局和省域总体意义上的均衡化布局并不冲突。省域高等教育资源布局均衡化有赖于中心城市强大的辐射带动作用,是在充分释放内部集聚效应的基础上进一步释放外部集聚效应的结果,即为“集聚驱动分散”的过程。首位城市充分集聚发展是省域高等教育资源布局均衡化及形成“多中心”分布的必要前提。研究建议:优化省域高等教育资源集聚布局以支撑创新高地建设,充分释放内外部集聚效应;在高等教育资源集聚布局基础上优化配置结构,完善区域创新格局;基于不同省域发展现状差异化集聚布局,逐步探索多中心发展模式。Provincial agglomeration layout is the basic structure of China's higher education resource spatial layout,and the agglomeration development is the basic path for higher education to support innovation growth.Based on the panel data of 23 provinces in China from 2009 to 2017,the innovation effect of provincial higher education resources agglomeration layout in terms of quantity and quality is empirically analyzed.Using the scale-ranking method and the primacy method,the study found that the provincial higher education resources in the sample period show the characteristics of “monocentric” distribution,with highly concentrated in the provincial capital,and the quality resources of higher education are more concentrated than the quantitative resources.The quantitative resources of higher education in some developed provinces show a trend of decentralized layout,gradually developing to the provincial “multi-centre” distribution,but this does not conflict with the basic pattern of agglomeration development.Regression results show that:provincial higher education resource agglomeration has significant inverted U-shaped impact on inventive innovation and regional heterogeneity,the inverted U-shaped innovation effect of quality resource agglomeration is significant in the central and western parts of China and insignificant in the eastern part,while the inverted U-shaped innovation effect of quantitative resource agglomeration is significant in the eastern part of China and insignificant in the central and western parts of China.Further analyses found that the talent resource agglomeration of provincial higher education is a more important source of innovation effect than the financial resource agglomeration.There is no conflict between the first-ranking agglomeration layout of provincial higher education resources and the balanced layout in the overall sense of the province.The balanced layout of provincial higher education resources depends on the strong radiation-driven role of the central city,which is the

关 键 词：省域高等教育 区域创新 集聚布局 集聚效应 中心分布 

分 类 号：G646[文化科学—高等教育学]