“大材小用”还是“大有可为”:名校博士入职中小学“问题”探析  

Being Overqualified or a Brilliant Future:An Analysis of “Problems” of the Entry of PhDs Graduated from Elite Universities into the Primary and Secondary Schools

作　　者：侯滟斯 姜子凡 陈霜叶 HOU Yansi;JIANG Zifan;CHEN Shuangye(Institute of Curriculum&Instruction,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学课程与教学研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2024年第1期118-127,共10页Chongqing Higher Education Research

摘　　要：教育高质量发展对教师队伍建设提出了新的更高要求,名校博士作为高学历师资入职中小学备受关注,并引发舆情争议。选取近10年官方、学校、自媒体相关新闻报道、线上公开信息、论坛讨论等数据,运用话语分析和内容分析方法进行研究后发现,“名校博士入职中小学”舆情争议背后主要是高学历教师的“才岗匹配”问题。这存在两个不同的逻辑出发点:一是基于社会文化层面的“大材小用”之争,即名校博士的象征性资本是否与当前中小学教师职业相匹配;二是基于高质量师资发展的“大有可为”之争,即名校博士的知识能力能否满足当前中小学教师职业要求。从争议背后的深层制度来看,这两重争议不仅源于客观的学业制度结构,也与中小学教师职业发展和聘任方式转变有关,同时还反映了文凭功能和优绩主义追求下公众对于中小学教师职业有限度的公共理解。为了破解高学历教师的“才岗匹配”问题,需要切实重视高学历教师入职后的专业发展,充分挖掘其潜力及优势。The high-quality development of education has put forward new and higher requirements for the construction of the teaching staff,and the entry of PhDs from prestigious schools as highly educated teachers into primary and secondary schools has attracted much attention and sparked public opinion controversy.By selecting the data from official,school,we media,as well as relevant news reports,online public information,and forum discussions in the past decade,and using discourse analysis and content analysis methods,the study found that the main issue behind the public opinion disputes on the PhDs from elite universities teaching in primary and secondary schools is the “match of talent and occupation” of highly educated teachers.There are two different logical starting points:one is the debate on being overqualified based on the socio-cultural level over whether the symbolic capital of elite university doctoral students matches the current occupation of primary and secondary school teachers;the second is the “great potential” debate based on the development of high-quality teachers,which is whether the knowledge and abilities of elite university doctoral students can match the current professional requirements for primary and secondary school teachers.From the perspective of the underlying system behind the controversy,these two disputes not only stem from the objective academic system structure,but also are related to the history of teacher career development and the transformation of employment methods.Simultaneously,it also reflects the limited public understanding of the teacher profession under the function of diplomas and the pursuit of meritocracy.In order to solve the problem of “matching of talent and occupation” among highly educated teachers,it is necessary to effectively pay attention to the professional development of highly educated teachers,and fully tap their potential and advantages.

关 键 词：教师学历 名校博士 入职 中小学 文凭主义 

分 类 号：G644[文化科学—高等教育学]