青菜高密度移栽机植苗机构的设计与试验  

Design and experiment of a planting mechanism of high-density transplanters for brassica chinensis

作　　者：鲍李旭 俞高红[1,2] 赵雄[1,2] 王磊[1,2] BAO Lixu;YU Gaohong;ZHAO Xiong;WANG Lei(School of Mechanical Engineering,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Planting Equipment Technology,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学机械工程学院,杭州310018 [2]浙江理工大学浙江省种植装备技术重点实验室,杭州310018

出　　处：《浙江理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期100-111,共12页Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：上海市科技兴农项目(沪农科创字(2021)第4-1号);国家“十四五”重点研发项目(2022YFD2001800);浙江省科技厅重点研发项目(2022C02002)。

摘　　要：目前国内移栽机尚无成熟的适用于青菜等多行密植蔬菜移栽的植苗机构;针对小株距小行距、高效率的密植移栽要求,设计了一种非圆齿轮行星轮系八行同步植苗机构,并进行了运动学仿真和田间移栽试验。对非圆齿轮行星轮系进行了运动学建模与分析,开发了植苗机构辅助分析与优化设计软件;分析了不同机构参数对植苗轨迹姿态的影响,并通过人机交互的方式得到一组满足青菜小株距移栽要求的机构参数;建立了八行同步植苗机构的三维模型,利用虚拟样机仿真技术绘制出仿真轨迹,并与理论轨迹进行对比,以验证植苗机构三维设计的正确性;开展了田间移栽试验,以验证该机构的可行性和实用性。试验结果表明:在作业转速为15r/min、前进速度为55mm/s的情况下,八行植苗机构的作业株距和行距均为110mm,平均植苗成功率为93.9%,移栽密度超过70株/m2,试验移栽效率为240株/min,表明该机构在机械化密植移栽作业中有较高的应用价值。该研究为高密度移栽机植苗机构的研发提供了理论和试验依据,促进了密植型蔬菜钵苗机械化移栽的进程,为密植移栽机的进一步研究提供技术支持和参考。At present,there is no mature seedling transplanting mechanism suitable for transplanting multiple rows of closely planted vegetables such as brassica chinensis in China;according to the requirements of close planting and transplanting with small plant spacing,small row spacing and high efficiency,an eight-row synchronous seedling planting mechanism with non-circular gear planetary gear train was designed,and the kinematics simulation and field transplanting experiment were carried out.The kinematics modeling and analysis of non-circular gear planetary gear train were carried out,and the auxiliary analysis and optimization design software of the seedling planting mechanism was developed;the effects of different mechanism parameters on the trajectory of seedlings were analyzed,and a set of mechanism parameters meeting the requirements of small plant spacing transplanting of brassica chinensis were obtained through human-computer interaction;the three-dimensional model of the eight-row synchronous seedling planting mechanism was established,the simulation trajectory was drawn by virtual prototype simulation technology,and the correctness of the three-dimensional design of seedling planting mechanism was verified by comparing with the theoretical trajectory;field transplanting experiments were carried out to verify the feasibility and practicability of the mechanism.The results showed that when the operating speed was 15r/min and the forward speed was 55mm/s,the operating plant spacing and row spacing of the eight-row seedling planting mechanism were both 110 mm,the average success rate of seedling planting was 93.9%,the transplanting density was more than 70 plants/m2,and the experimental transplanting efficiency was 240plants/min,indicating the mechanism′s high application value in mechanized close planting and transplanting operation.This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the research and development of high-density transplanter seedling planting mechanisms,promotes the mechanized transpla

关 键 词：密植 植苗机构 行星轮系 运动学分析 移栽试验 

分 类 号：S223.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]