易地搬迁政策何以影响农村妇女脱贫与发展——基于可行能力视角的调研与分析  

How Does the Relocation Policy Affect Rural Women’s Poverty Alleviation and Development:Research and Analysis Based on the Perspective of Sen’s Capability Approach

作　　者：高博发 李聪[2] 李树茁[1] 王昕红[1] GAO Bofa;LI Cong;LI Shuzhuo;WANG Xinhong(School of Public Policy and Administration,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710049,China;School of Economics and Finance,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710051,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院,陕西西安710049 [2]西安交通大学经济与金融学院,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《贵州财经大学学报》2023年第6期90-99,共10页Journal of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目“生态脆弱地区可持续发展政策评估与管理”(72022014);国家自然科学基金面上项目“生计恢复力视角下易地扶贫搬迁对象脱贫模式、返贫风险与可持续发展政策创新研究”(71973104);陕西高校青年创新团队“面向乡村振兴的经济高质量发展创新团队”。

摘　　要：在脱贫攻坚目标顺利完成的背景下,亟待超越减贫的视角,从全面发展的层面科学地分析和评价易地搬迁政策对妇女群体的影响。以往与易地搬迁相关的研究更多采用定量方法分析政策减贫效应和作用机制,较少从定性分析出发。基于此,基于对陕西、贵州等省份易地搬迁安置社区的实地调研与访谈,从以往研究较少涉及的可行能力理论的视角出发,探讨易地搬迁政策影响农村妇女脱贫与发现的路径与机理,以期厘清政策对妇女群体的作用逻辑。研究发现,易地搬迁后妇女能够实现脱贫与发展主要是家庭生计压力下妇女主动参与和后续帮扶措施所形成的“拉力”,与男性外出务工后妇女被动成为家庭与社区建设主体所形成的“推力”相互作用的结果;易地搬迁政策对妇女脱贫与发展的作用路径包括外在条件与内在潜质两条路径,其中外在条件包括功能保障和发展赋权两个维度,内在潜质包括能力建设和意识塑造两个维度;在易地搬迁政策作用下会对妇女个体和家庭产生双重影响。此结论可对公共政策与妇女发展研究进行补充。Against the backdrop of the successful completion of poverty alleviation goals,it is urgent to go beyond the perspective of poverty reduction and scientifically analyze and evaluate the impact of relocation policies on women’s groups from a comprehensive development perspective.Previous studies related to relocation have mostly used quantitative methods to analyze the poverty reduction effects and mechanisms of policies,with less emphasis on qualitative analysis.Based on this,based on on-site research and interviews with resettlement communities in Shaanxi,Guizhou and other provinces,this study explores the path and mechanism of the impact of relocation policies on rural women’s poverty alleviation and discovery from the perspective of feasible capacity theory,which has been rarely studied in the past,in order to clarify the logic of the role of policies on women’s groups.Research has found that women’s ability to achieve poverty alleviation and development after relocation is mainly due to the“pulling force”formed by women’s active participation and subsequent assistance measures under family livelihood pressure,and the result of the interaction with the“push”formed by women’s passive participation as the main body of family and community construction after men go out to work;The impact of relocation policies on women’s poverty alleviation and development includes two paths:external conditions and internal potential.The external conditions include two dimensions:functional protection and development empowerment,while the internal potential includes two dimensions:capacity building and awareness shaping;Under the policy of relocation,it will have a dual impact on individual women and families.This conclusion can supplement research on public policy and women’s development.

关 键 词：易地扶贫搬迁 妇女脱贫 妇女发展 可行能力 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]