中国高校统一招生录取制度的演进与改革  

Evolution and Reform of China’s Unified College Admission System

作　　者：吴根洲 樊本富[2] WU Genzhou;FAN Benfu(Department of Education,Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330038,China;Beijing Education Examinations Authority,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]江西科技师范大学教育学部,江西南昌330038 [2]北京教育考试院,北京100083

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2024年第1期55-62,共8页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“人才培养视域下高校本科专业招生大类设置研究”(BIA220090)。

摘　　要：中国高校招生录取制度70余年的演进历程异常复杂,统一性特征却从未发生实质变化。分省录取与分批录取是中国高校招生录取制度统一领导与分散办理相结合理念的重要体现。科学的投档录取模式是保障高考制度运行的技术基础,先后探索出分段投档、梯度志愿投档、院校优先平行志愿投档、专业导向平行志愿投档四种主流模式。中国高校统一招生多元录取标准整合模式一直处于探索之中,共经历了兼顾政治标准与学业标准、高考加分政策体系化及其调整、基于综合评价统一招生录取三个阶段。中国高校招生仍需坚持统一录取制度以统筹谋划全国高校招生工作、保证必要的公平,亦需扬弃结合、破立并举,合理调控统一与多元的张力,把高考制度的科学性提升到更高水平。The evolution of China’s college admission system for more than 70 years is highly complicated,but the uniformity characteristics have not undergone substantial changes.The province⁃specific quota admission and the admission in tiers embody the idea of combining unified leadership with decentralized management in the college admission system.A scientific application⁃submitting model is a technical guarantee for the operation of the college entrance examination system.Four mainstream models have been used successively:segmented submission,gradient application submission,college priority parallel application submission,and specialties guiding parallel application submission.The integration mode of multiple admission criteria for the unified admission in China’s universities has been under exploration,which has gone through three stages:giving consideration to political and academic criteria,systematizing and adjusting the preferential policy that awards bonus points in the national college entrance examination,and unified admission based on comprehensive evaluation.A unified admission system is still needed to plan China’s national college admission and ensure fairness.It is also necessary to develop what is valuable and healthy and discard what is not,and properly adjust the tension between uniformity and diversity to make the college entrance examination system more scientific.

关 键 词：高考制度 统一性 分省录取 分批录取 投档录取 录取标准 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]