中国古代“医学人文”论  

Discussion of medical humanities in ancient China

作　　者：郑倩茹 ZHENG Qianru(School of Humanity,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院,上海200240

出　　处：《重庆大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期149-161,共13页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：医学人文是人类文明发展的重要标志与历史实践的智慧结晶。中国古代医学人文历史悠久、内涵丰富、思想深刻,是全世界共有的稀缺资源。古人对疾病、治疗、预防、健康、生命的系统思考与经验积累,弥足珍贵,“疾病”不仅是对个体身心患病的写实性描述,而且超越医学本身内涵,被赋予政治、社会、文化、道德等深层意蕴。“以人为本”“尊道贵德”“大医精诚”是医学人文的思想精髓,具有多层面、跨领域、综合性特点。“医乃仁术”是医学人文精神的最好表达,医学的本质是对“生死之道”的追问,是对生命意义、生命价值的高昂。“健康”指向生命个体处于“神与形俱”“阴阳自和”“天人合一”的最佳功能状态,关涉医学人文的本体问题,具有人类共同体的普遍意义。“大健康”背景下的治疗观是“医学人文精神”得以确立的重要基础,中国古代倡导“以道驭术”,以人文精神引导医学技术的运用;“治未病”思想体现出医学实践的终极目标由“治病”为主向“健康”目标的推进;“以人为本”强调作为医疗对象的“人”的完整性与个性化,重视人类生活的现实存在与精神问题。医学人文精神提倡人性关怀,强调关心人、爱护人、尊重人,不仅体现为“医乃仁术”的普遍自我关怀,而且表现在“生死之道”的价值追求与意义反思,展示出人类的终极关怀与人性观照。深入研究中国古代医学人文,对建设中国特色医学人文学科、实施“健康中国”战略和提升人类健康指数等,具有重大意义。Medical humanities are an important symbol of the development of human civilization and the wisdom crystallization of historical practice.In ancient China,with a long history,medical humanities had rich connotations and profound thoughts,which were scarce resources shared by the whole world.The systematic thinking and experience accumulated by the ancients on disease,treatment,prevention,health and life are invaluable.Disease was not only a realistic description of an individual’s physical and mental illness,but often beyond the meaning of medicine itself and endowed with deep political,social,cultural,moral and other connotations.“Putting people first”,“respecting morality and virtue”,and“high medical excellence”were the ideological essence of medical humanities,which were multidimensional,interdisciplinary and comprehensive.“Medical benevolence”was the best expression of medical humanism.The essence of medicine was the pursuit of the truth of life and death,exploring the rise of life’s meaning and value.“Health”referred to the optimal functional state of individuals in which they were in a state of“consists of spirit and form”,“reestablishment to yin-yang equilibrium”and“harmony between heaven and man”.It is an ontological issue of medical humanities and has universal significance as a human community.The therapeutic perspective in the context of“great health”was an important foundation for the establishment of“medical humanistic spirit”.Ancient China advocated“the use of the Tao to govern the arts”,guided the application of medical technology with humanistic spirit correctly.The idea of“treating diseases before they occur”reflected the ultimate goal of medical practice,which was to advance from“treating diseases”as the main focus to“health”as the goal.The emphasis on“people-oriented”emphasized the integrity of“people”as medical objects,and emphasized the practical existence and spiritual problems of human life,fundamentally changing the“pati

关 键 词：中国古代 医学人文 “大健康” 以人为本 医乃仁术 大医精诚 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]