中小学教师工资合理性参照系的确定和验证——基于2000—2019年数据  

Determination and Verification of the Reference Frame for the Rationality of Teacher Salaries at Primary and Secondary Schools——Based on Data from 2000 to 2019

作　　者：曾晓东[1] ZENG Xiaodong(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《教师发展研究》2024年第1期45-52,共8页Teacher Development Research

基　　金：国家社科基金教育学重点项目“教育经费投入的可持续性及合理分配”(AFA220025)。

摘　　要：经过多年的努力,我国中小学教师工资制度已经建立并深深地嵌入各级政府的公共支出管理制度中,保障了教师工资在政府预算中的优先等级。随着教育财政的重点逐渐从教育经费优先增长转向教育经费“可持续”与“支出合理”并重,对中小学教师工资也在“确保”的同时,提出了有效、合理的要求,然而,教师工资合理有效的标准还缺乏坚实的共识基础。依据OECD的参照指标和我国教育经费的构成特征,初步讨论了教师工资合理性的参照标准,并用2000—2019年的数据进行了验证。结论如下:21世纪前二十年,中小学教师工资总体上超越了人均GDP和城镇单位就业人员,但增长机制还不稳定;不同省份中小学教师工资与当地城镇单位就业人员工资的相对水平差异很大,并且呈现明显的分布惯性;中小学教师工资在教育经费中所占据的份额呈持续上升之势。建议进一步对中小学教师工资增长的动力机制、教育经费支出中的要素结构及中小学教师工资内外部参照标准等相关政策议题进行探讨。After years of efforts,the salary system for primary and secondary school teachers in China has been established and deeply embedded in the public expenditure management system of all levels of government,ensuring the top priority of teacher salaries in the government budgets.As the education finance shifts its focus from prioritizing the growth of education funds to emphasizing the sustainable and reasonable expenditure,teacher salaries at primary and secondary schools should be guaranteed and used in an effective and reasonable manner.However,the standard for the reasonable teacher salaries still lacks of consensus.Based on the reference indicators of OECD and the composition characteristics of education funds in China,the study discusses the reference standards for the rationality of teacher salaries,verifies the standard with data from 2000 to 2019,and draws three conclusions:in the first 20 years of the 21st century,the salary of primary and secondary school teachers generally exceeded that of per capita GDP and that of urban employees,but the growth mechanism is still unstable;a significant difference is seen in relative salaries among teachers of primary and secondary schools in different provinces and between teachers and local urban employees,which shows an obvious distribution inertia;the share of teacher salaries at primary and secondary schools in the education funding is continuously increasing.It suggests that we should have further discussion on the driving force for salary growth,element structure in educational expenditure,and internal and external reference standards for teacher salaries.

关 键 词：中小学教师工资 教育经费 工资保障制度 

分 类 号：G635.1[文化科学—教育学]