库区洲滩生境改造方案优选——以王甫洲水库为例  

Optimization of Habitat Renovation Plan for Reservoir Beach:A Case Study on Wangfuzhou Reservoir

作　　者：单敏尔 周银军[1] 郭超 刘鑫 孙贵洲[1] 李志晶[1] SHAN Min-er;ZHOU Yin-jun;GUO Chao;LIU Xin;SUN Gui-zhou;LI Zhi-jing(River Research Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;Changjiang Waterway Institute of Planning and Design,Wuhan 430040,China;Changjiang Waterway Survey and Design Institute(Wuhan)Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430040,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院河流研究所,武汉430010 [2]长江航道规划设计研究院,武汉430040 [3]长江航道勘察设计院(武汉)有限公司,武汉430040

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2024年第1期18-25,共8页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2021530/HL,CKSF2021743/HL)。

摘　　要：低水头梯级水库中流速较缓且水深较小而导致水草灾害发生是近些年水库管理中出现的新问题。为在发生伊乐藻灾害的王甫洲库区通过实施局部地形改造而塑造不利于伊乐藻生长的水文环境,并能对每一改造方案实施前后水动力强度的变化进行定量评价,同时综合考虑各改造方案在每一区域的水动力提升效果、对环境的影响和改造效益,选取各区域最优改造方案,提出了水动力提升率概念用以描述改造前后水动力强度的变化,并建立了基于熵权-TOPSIS的地形改造方案优选模型对各区域的每一方案进行评价优选,取得的主要结论如下:①在周期流量下,在区域A改造方案1水动力提升率仅为5.16%,远不及方案2和方案3的59.15%和63.62%;在区域B和区域C,方案1水动力强度出现减弱,方案2和方案3对区域B的水动力提升率分别为16.02%和20.19%,对区域C的水动力提升率分别为45.47%和51.99%,均较为接近。②熵权法得到3个区域各指标的权重均为改造效益>平均改造深度>水动力提升率。若综合考虑水动力提升率、对环境的影响和改造效益,TOPSIS模型计算的综合评价指数均为方案3>方案2>方案1,方案3均是每一区域综合评价下的最优改造方案。In recent years,aquatic plant disasters in cascade reservoirs with low head due to slow flow velocity and small water depth has emerged as a new problem in reservoir management.To tackle the Elodea canadensis disaster in the Wangfuzhou Reservoir area,an approach involving local topographic transformation was implemented.The aim was to create an unfavorable hydrological environment for the growth of Elodea.We propose a concept of hydrodynamic improvement rate to quantitatively describe the changes in hydrodynamic strength before and after transformation.Furthermore,we established an entropy-TOPSIS model to select the optimum plan for each area in comprehensive consideration of the hydrodynamic improvement effect,the environmental impact,and transformation benefits.The major findings are as follows:in area A,under periodic flow rate,modification scheme 1 exhibits a meager hydrodynamic improvement rate of only 5.16%,which is much lower than the rates achieved by scheme 2(59.15%)and scheme 3(63.62%).For area B and area C,scheme 1 weakens the hydrodynamic strength,while scheme 2 and scheme 3 yield improvement rates of 16.02%and 20.19%for area B,and 45.47%and 51.99%for area C,respectively.The improvement rates of both scheme 2 and scheme 3 are relatively close.By using the entropy weight method,we obtained the weights of each index in the three areas,ranking from transformation benefit to average transformation depth and hydrodynamic improvement rate in descending order.Taking into account the overall hydrodynamic improvement rate,environmental impact,and transformation benefit,the comprehensive evaluation index calculated using the TOPSIS model suggests that Scheme 3 is superior to Scheme 2 and Scheme 1.Thus,Scheme 3 is identified as the optimal transformation scheme for each area.

关 键 词：库区洲滩生境改造 水动力提升率 熵权 TOPSIS模型 伊乐藻 王甫洲水库 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]