论初查中概括性数据调取行为的规制  

Regulations on Arbitrary Retrieval of Individuals'Personal Data in the Preliminary Investigation

作　　者：欧凯文 易俊男 Ou Kaiwen;Yi Junnan(Law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China;People's Procuratorate of Yuechi County,Guang'an 638300,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院,重庆401120 [2]岳池县人民检察院,四川广安638300

出　　处：《贵州警察学院学报》2024年第1期11-18,共8页Journal of Guizhou Police College

摘　　要：随着电子信息技术不断变革,初查阶段通过向网络服务提供者调取个人信息,公安机关得以更高效地获取案件情报。但与其他初查措施相比,实践中的初查调取行为呈现概括性调取的特点,凸显调取权力扩张趋势,导致初查调取侦查化现象,信息主体及网络服务提供者的权利易受侵犯。如何平衡初查调取行为的效益化和法治化目标成为难题。为此,应规范调取行为的程序分流和“行刑衔接”机制。取消刑事立案程序,对自然犯的数据调取只能依据刑事诉讼法进行,通过行政调取确定行政不法是否达到犯罪标准,畅通调取行为的正向反向衔接渠道。构建调取行为的权力制约和权益保障机制,构建以任意性调取为主,符合比例原则要求的调取制度。With the continuous advancement of electronic information technology,public security organs can retrieve individuals'personal data from network service providers during the preliminary investigation stage,thereby more efficiently obtaining case-related intelligence.In comparison with other measures taken in the preliminary investigation,the practice to retrieve individuals'personal data during preliminary investigation stage has the characteristics of arbitrary data retrieval,which not only shows an expansion trend of investigator's power,but may lead to the phenomenon of quasi-investigation,and is likely to infringe the rights of information subjects and network service providers.How to balance the efficiency of the preliminary investigation and the rule of law has also become a problem.In order to solve these problems,the procedural diversion for personal data retrieval should be regulated and a mechanism should be established to realize"the connection between administrative and criminal procedures".The criminal case filing procedure should be abolished,the retrieval of natural offenders'data can only be carried out in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Law,and administrative retrieval is used to determine whether administrative illegality meets the criminal standard.At the same time,it is imperative to ensure the smooth connection channels of positive and reverse retrieval,construct a power restriction and rights protection mechanism for retrieval behaviors,and establish a data retrieval system primarily based on arbitrary retrieval and meets the requirements of proportionality principle.

关 键 词：初查 调取措施 个人信息调取 网络服务提供者义务 行政执法 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]