《考工记》中的实验探索与因果推理:一种对工程哲学的中国源流考  

Experimental Exploration and Causal Reasoning in Kao Gong Ji:A Study of the Origin and Development of Engineering Philosophy in China

作　　者：纪阳[1] 王宇 陈瑞琪 吴振宇[1] Ji Yang;Wang Yu;Chen Ruiqi;Wu Zhenyu(School of Information and Communication Engineering,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China)

机构地区：[1]北京邮电大学信息与通信工程学院,北京100876

出　　处：《工程研究（跨学科视野中的工程）》2023年第6期547-559,共13页JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES

基　　金：中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2023-XY-52);北京邮电大学研究生前沿课程(2021QY004);北京邮电大学研究生教育教学改革与研究项目(2021Y046)。

摘　　要：为探究实验探索与因果推理方法在中国古代工程中的存在性,重新认识中国古代工匠的工程思维与工程方法,本文对中国首部工程技术典籍《考工记》中周朝百工的测试检验方法进行了研究。通过对《考工记》文本的内容分析发现,周朝百工已经能够采用基于测量工具的实验法、基于关键模块的实验法和基于运行工况的实验法来进行工程制品质量检验,有关讨论还涉及制品性能与物理参数之间的因果关系、制品需求与设计的因果关系和制品检验方法与运行方式的因果关系等。文本中的链式因果表述体现出当时的工匠能够有意识有目的地进行因果推理演绎,而对照式关联现象表述形态则与现代对照受控实验有相似之处。这些信息表明,实验法与因果推理的结合在古希腊和现代西方科学出现之前就已经作为中国古代工匠工程思维的组成部分而存在。这一事实对于澄清工程思维方法的中国源流具有启示意义。In order to explore the existence of experimental exploration and causal reasoning methods in ancient Chinese engineering,and to re-conceptualize the engineering thinking and engineering methodology of ancient Chinese craftsmen,this study examines the methods of testing and inspection of Baigong in the Zhou Dynasty from Kao Gong Ji,the first text on engineering and technology in China.This study adopts the content analysis method,in which,first of all,textual content related to experimental exploration and causal reasoning in Kao Gong Ji is identified and the analysis units are selected;secondly,classification to delineate the categories of experimental methods and causal-reasoning thinking is given;thirdly,a quantitative process is carried out by coding the text according to the above categories;fourthly,statistics and analyses of the coding results are carried out;finally,the result explanations and the study conclusions are presented.This study finally identifies and extracts 86 cases of analysis units.And the statistical analysis shows that at least three types of experimental methods exist in the text of Kao Gong Ji.First,the experimental method based on measuring tools,that is,through conventional metrological tools or calculating indirect metrics to obtain physical parameters to test the quality of engineering products.This method reflects the standardization thoughts of Baigong,and can be regarded as the simplest experimental test.Second,the experimental method based on the key modules,that is,through the design of the targeted experiments to determine the impact of the key modules on the overall functionality or performance of the engineering products.This method is often used by Baigong to test the quality of a key module or to determine the parameter regulation of a key module.Third,the experimental method based on operation conditions,that is,to determine the quality of engineering products by observing the actual operation performance of engineering products.This method is often used by Baigong to co

关 键 词：考工记 实验 探索 因果推理 工程 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]