困境器官捐献供者家庭面临的社会排斥问题研究  

A Study on the Social Exclusion of Organ Donor Families in Distress

作　　者：李晓蕾 葛道顺 刘军华[3] LI Xiao-lei;GE Dao-shun;LIU Jun-hua(Center for Policy Research,Ministry of Civil Affairs of The People's Republic of China,Beijing 100721,China)

机构地区：[1]民政部政策研究中心,北京100721 [2]苏州大学红十字国际学院,江苏苏州215006 [3]中国人民解放军第九六〇医院疾病预防控制科,山东济南250031

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2023年第16期21-26,共6页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2020年国家社会科学基金重点项目(20ASH016);2017年中国人体器官捐献管理中心重点课题(CODMF2017010)。

摘　　要：困境中的器官捐献供者家庭(以下简称“困境供者家庭”)面临的多重不利处境根据其生成路径的不同分为两类:因疾病(意外)和死亡而产生的不利处境,如经济困难、精神打击、心理危机、社会关系危机等;因捐献器官而带来的歧视、污名、边缘化等文化习俗和社会心理层面的不利处境。两类不利处境都隐含着社会排斥的特征。传统的器官获取组织协调−救助模式对困境供者家庭的救助侧重于经济和心理层面,提供即时、单次的补救型救助。医务社会工作赋权−援助模式则致力于向困境供者家庭提供一种可持续的、发展型的援助计划,通过向困境供者家庭赋权,帮助其获得对抗社会排斥、重建社会支持的能力。The multiple disadvantages faced by donor families can be classified into two categories according to their different paths:the disadvantages arising from illness(accident)and death,such as economic difficulties,psychological shock,mental crisis and crisis of social relations;and disadvantages resulting from organ donation,including discrimination,stigma,and marginalization at the cultural and socio-psychological levels.Both types of disadvantages have implicit features of social exclusion.The traditional OPO coordination-rescue model focuses on the economic and psychological aspects of the relief of donor families,providing immediate and one-time remedial assistance.In contrast,the medical social work empowermentassistance model is dedicated to providing a sustainable and developmental assistance program to families in distress,helping them acquire the capacity to confront social exclusion and rebuild social support by empowering families in distress.

关 键 词：器官捐献 困境供者家庭 双重社会排斥 器官获取组织协调-救助模式 医务社会工作赋权-援助模式 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]