基于产量反应和农学效率的马铃薯智能化推荐施肥  

Intelligent fertilizer recommendation method for potato based on yield response and agronomic efficiency

作　　者：宁琳懿睿 仇少君[1] 徐新朋[1] 丁文成[1] 赵士诚[1] 何萍[1] 周卫[1] NING Lin-yi-rui;QIU Shao-jun;XU Xin-peng;DING Wen-cheng;ZHAO Shi-cheng;HE Ping;ZHOU Wei(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第12期2272-2281,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：农田智慧施肥项目(05);国家自然科学基金项目(31972515,32272822);国家马铃薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-09-P31);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200101);中国农业科学院科技创新工程。

摘　　要：【目的】我国马铃薯种植区存在盲目施肥、过量施肥、养分比例不平衡等现象,进而导致肥料利用率低、养分损失大等。通过开展田间试验,利用基于产量反应和农学效率的马铃薯养分专家系统进行推荐施肥,并以农民习惯施肥和常规测土施肥推荐结果对该系统的有效性进行验证,为不同生产条件下的马铃薯生产提供简便易行、高效的推荐施肥方法。【方法】于2017—2020年,在马铃薯主产区共9省份开展了239个田间试验,每个试验包括6个处理,分别为基于马铃薯养分专家系统推荐施肥(NE)、农民习惯施肥(FP)、土壤测试施肥(ST),以及基于NE的不施氮、不施磷和不施钾处理。调查马铃薯产量、经济效益、养分利用率和表观养分平衡。【结果】我国马铃薯主产区施用氮、磷和钾肥的平均产量反应分别为8.1、4.8和5.2 t/hm^(2),农学效率分别为45.2、51.1和35.1 kg/kg,相对产量分别为0.73、0.83和0.82。与FP和ST处理相比,NE处理的氮肥用量分别降低了24.4%和4.2%,磷肥用量分别降低了32.3%和1.9%,但钾肥用量均增加了4.9%;马铃薯产量分别提高了2.63和0.62 t/hm^(2),净收益分别增加了4283.4和799.0元/hm^(2);氮、磷、钾肥回收利用率分别增加了11.5和1.6个百分点、5.0和2.1个百分点、9.1和1.1个百分点;氮、磷、钾肥农学效率分别提高了18.4和4.3 kg/kg、32.2和7.5 kg/kg、12.3和2.6 kg/kg;氮、磷肥偏生产力分别提高了37.3和8.6 kg/kg、91.2和15.6 kg/kg;与FP相比,NE处理的钾肥偏生产力提高了25.6 kg/kg,但与ST处理相当;与FP和ST相比,NE处理氮素表观盈余量降幅分别达到了50.5%和15.5%,磷素表观盈余量降幅分别达到了49.6%和7.3%。【结论】采用以产量反应和农学效率为基础构建的马铃薯推荐施肥养分专家系统,可针对不同生产条件优化肥料用量,提高马铃薯产量和肥料利用效率。大量田间试验充分证明,该系统推荐结果显著优于�【Objectives】Imbalanced and over fertilization is common in potato growing areas in China,resulting in low nutrient use efficiency and serious nutrient losses.A simple and easy-to-use fertilizer recommendation method,Nutrient Expert for Potato,was established based on large number of field experiments,and validated in multi-point trials in the main potato producing areas.【Methods】A total of 239 field experiments were conducted in the main potato producing areas of nine provinces from 2017 to 2020 to calibrate and improve the Nutrient Expert system.Each experiment included six treatments:fertilizer recommendation based on Nutrient Expert(NE),farmers’practices(FP),conventional recommendation based on soil testing(ST),and N omission,P omission and K omission based on the NE treatment.The potato yield,economic benefit,nutrient use efficiency and apparent nutrient balance were investigated.【Results】The average yield responses of N,P and K fertilizer application in the main potato producing areas of China were 8.1,4.8 and 5.2 t/hm^(2),with average agronomic efficiency of 45.2,51.1 and 35.1 kg/kg,and average relative yield of 0.73,0.83 and 0.82,respectively.Compared with the FP and ST treatments,the NE treatment reduced N fertilizer input by 24.4%and 4.2%,and P fertilizer input by 32.3%and 1.9%,but increased K fertilizer input by 4.9%;increased the potato yield by 2.63 and 0.62 t/hm^(2),and net profits by 4283.4 and 799.0 yuan/hm^(2).Compared with the FP and ST treatments,NE treatment increased the recovery efficiency of N,P and K fertilizer by 11.5 and 1.6 percentage points,5.0 and 2.1 percentage points,and 9.1 and 1.1 percentage points,respectively;increased the agronomic efficiency of N,P and K fertilizer by 18.4 and 4.3 kg/kg,32.2 and 7.5 kg/kg,12.3 and 2.6 kg/kg,respectively;enhanced the partial factor productivity of N and P fertilizer by 37.3 and 8.6 kg/kg,91.2 and 15.6 kg/kg,respectively.The partial factor productivity of K fertilizer in NE treatment was comparable to that in ST treatment,and 25.6 k

关 键 词：马铃薯 养分专家系统 产量反应 肥料利用率 推荐施肥 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]